Estimation of Post-Mortem Interval from Rectal Temperature by Use of Computer

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouichi Hiraiwa ◽  
Youkichi Ohno ◽  
Fusakuni Kuroda ◽  
Ismail M. Sebetan ◽  
Shigemi Oshida
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Computer Tomography ◽  
Temperature Curve ◽  
The Body ◽  
Infinite Cylinder ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Posterior Quarter ◽  
Approximate Equations

The simulation model of the approximate equations derived from the infinite cylinder was used to investigate the applicability of the theoretical curve to the actual one of rectal temperature. The rectum was found by the computer tomography to be near to the junction of the anterior three-quarters and the posterior quarter inside the body, and this result was employed in the simulation. The method of estimating the postmortem interval, in which two recordings of rectal temperature were used, was considered to be useful enough as it can be applied to any case in practice. As reported by Akaishi et al., fluctuation of less than 2 °C in the ambient temperature was shown by the simulation to have little effect on the rectal temperature curve.

XI.—An Investigation into the Effects of Seasonal Changes on Body Temperature

1913 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 110-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutherland Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Temperature Curve ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
June July

SummaryMonthly observations, extending over one year, were made on the rectal temperature of 114 domestic fowls (Gallus gallus, ♀) and records from forty-one of these were obtained for two years. Six different breeds were used, each located in a separate pen, all under similar conditions, and the mean temperatures for each group were plotted out to form an annual temperature curve. It was found that—1. The lowest temperatures occur in December, January, and February, and the highest in June, July, and August, corresponding in a general way with the temperature of the external air.2. Barometric pressure does not appear to have any influence on the body temperature of the hen.3. The curve of egg-production does not coincide with the annual temperature curve, the former reaching its highest level in April and May, the latter in June, July, and August.If we compare the mean rectal temperature at two periods of the year when the external or weather conditions are approximately the same (April-May and September-October), but when the vitality of the birds, as indicated by the curve of egg-production, moulting, etc., is at a maximum and minimum respectively, we find that the figures are practically identical. This would seem to show that cyclical bodily changes have little effect on body temperature as compared with outside influences.

scholarly journals Dysregulation of miR-381-3p and miR-23b-3p in skeletal muscle could be a possible estimator of early post-mortem interval in rats

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11102
Author(s):  
Vanessa Martínez-Rivera ◽  
Christian A. Cárdenas-Monroy ◽  
Oliver Millan-Catalan ◽  
Jessica González-Corona ◽  
N. Sofia Huerta-Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Silico Analysis

Background The post-mortem interval (PMI) is the time elapsed since the dead of an individual until the body is found, which is relevant for forensic purposes. The miRNAs regulate the expression of some genes; and due to their small size, they can better support degradation, which makes them suitable for forensic analysis. In the present work, we evaluated the gene expression of miR-381-3p, miR-23b-3p, and miR-144-3p in skeletal muscle in a murine model at the early PMI. Methods We designed a rat model to evaluate the early PMI under controlled conditions. This model consisted in 25 rats divided into five groups of rats, that correspond to the 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours of PMI. The 0 h-PMI was considered as the control group. Muscle samples were taken from each rat to analyze the expression of miR-381-3p, miR-23b-3p, and miR-144-3p by quantitative RT-PCR. The gene expression of each miRNA was expressed as Fold Change (FC) and compared among groups. To find the targets of these miRNAs and the pathways where they participate, we performed an in-silico analysis. From the gene targets of miR-381-3p identified in the silico analysis, the EPC1 gene was selected for gene expression analysis by quantitative RT-PCR in these samples. Also, to evaluate if miR-381-3p could predict the early PMI, a mixed effects model was calculated using its gene expression. Results An upregulation of miR-381-3p was found at 24 h-PMI compared with the control group of 0 h-PMI and (FC = 1.02 vs. FC = 1.96; p = 0.0079). This was the opposite for miR-23b-3p, which had a down-regulation at 24 h-PMI compared to 0 h-PMI (FC = 1.22 vs. FC = 0.13; p = 0.0079). Moreover, the gene expression of miR-381-3p increased throughout the first 24 h of PMI, contrary to miR-23b-3p. The targets of these two miRNAs, participate in biological pathways related to hypoxia, apoptosis, and RNA metabolism. The gene expression of EPC1 was found downregulated at 3 and 12 h of PMI, whereas it remained unchanged at 6 h and 24 h of PMI. Using a multivariate analysis, it was possible to predict the FC of miR-381-3p of all but 6 h-PMI analyzed PMIs. Discussion The present results suggest that miR-23b-3p and miR-381-3p participate at the early PMI, probably regulating the expression of some genes related to the autolysis process as EPC1 gene. Although the miR-381-3p gene expression is a potential estimator of PMI, further studies will be required to obtain better estimates.

Use of entomotoxicology in estimating post-mortem interval and determining cause of death

2017 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Joanna Stojak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Toxicological Analysis ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
The Impact

Entomotoxicology allows the estimation of the post-mortem interval and the determination of the cause of death in cases in which the corpse has decomposed and the tissues necessary for toxicological analysis are no longer available. Obtaining information about toxic substances potentially present in the body is possible by isolation of larvae and pupae of true flies (Diptera) and/or adult forms of, e.g., beetles (Coleoptera) present on or near the corpse. This article was intended to summarize the current knowledge in the field of entomotoxicology, including examples from the literature, and to present the impact of selected toxic substances and medicines on the development of necrophagous larvae of insects.

Comparison of the thermoregulatory response of buffaloes and tropical cattle, using fluctuations in rectal temperature, skin temperature and haematocrit as an index

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KOGA ◽  
M. SUGIYAMA ◽  
A. N. DEL BARRIO ◽  
R. M. LAPITAN ◽  
B. R. ARENDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thermoregulatory Response ◽  
Body Core

In previous comparative studies of buffaloes and temperate cattle, a greater increase in rectal temperature (RT) and skin temperature (ST), and a greater decrease in haematocrit (Ht) have been observed in buffaloes than in temperate cattle with an increase in ambient temperature (AT). Our series of previous experiments suggested that great changes in RT, ST and Ht are induced in buffaloes by a marked increase in blood flow from the body core to the surface, which accelerates dissipation of heat from the skin surface. On the basis of these suggestions, the present study was undertaken to compare fluctuations in RT, ST and Ht between buffaloes and tropical cattle. Fluctuations in the aforementioned parameters, particularly RT and Ht, were greater in buffaloes than in cattle. Moreover, the correlation for RT or Ht v. AT was significant for buffaloes (r=0·33 and −0·37, respectively) but not for cattle. The correlation coefficient for ST v. AT was significant in both species, but was greater in buffaloes (r=0·63) than in cattle (r=0·56). These results demonstrate that with changes in ambient temperature, RT, ST and Ht fluctuate much more in buffaloes than in tropical cattle, as found previously for temperate cattle. Therefore, the distinctive thermoregulatory responses of buffalo are confirmed as being specific to this species.

Simultaneous analysis of potassium and ammonium ions in the vitreous humour by capillary electrophoresis and their integrated use to infer the post mortem interval (PMI)

2020 ◽  
pp. 002580242093423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Covadonga Palacio ◽  
Rossella Gottardo ◽  
Vito Cirielli ◽  
Giacomo Musile ◽  
Yvane Agard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Simultaneous Analysis ◽  
Vitreous Humour ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Post Mortem Interval

Post-mortem changes of ions in the body fluids have been proposed as an objective tool for inferring the time of death. In particular, the post-mortem increase of potassium concentrations in the vitreous humour has gained great attention in the literature. On the other hand, ammonium, another ion released in post-mortem processes, has received much less attention, potentially due to unresolved analytical issues using current clinical chemistry methods. This paper presents an application of a new analytical approach based on capillary electrophoresis providing the simultaneous analysis of potassium and ammonium ions in the vitreous humour. In addition, to assess the consistency of the post-mortem increase of ammonium concentrations in the vitreous humour, the determination of this ion in the vitreous humour of the two eyes of the same body at the same post-mortem interval has been verified. Vitreous humour was collected from 33 medico-legal cases where the time of death was known exactly. Prior to analysis, all samples were diluted 1:20 with a 40 μg/mL solution of BaCl2 (internal standard). In the study of the variability of the ammonium concentration between the two eyes, no statistically significant differences were found, supporting the hypothesis of an even post-mortem increase of the ion concentrations in this particular biological fluid. Significant correlations of potassium and ammonium ions with the post-mortem interval were found, with r2 of 0.75 and 0.70, respectively.

scholarly journals Cronotanatognose, utilização da polpa dentária como ferramenta para determinar o tempo de morte: uma revisão

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e353101018862
Author(s):  
Georgiana Ferreira Ramos ◽  
Eskálath Morganna Silva Ferreira ◽  
Juliana Fonseca Moreira da Silva ◽  
Raphael Sanzio Pimenta
Keyword(s):  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Strength ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
The Moment

The post-mortem interval is the period of time that has passed since the death occurred until the moment when the body and /or human remnants are studied. The estimation of this interval is a matter of great relevance in the forensic sphere due to its important role in the resolution of criminal cases. Teeth are fundamental structures in a forensic context due to their high strength and specificity. Therefore, this article aims to present how the dental pulp is used to determine the time of death of the corpse. A systematic review of the scientific literature was carried out with a descriptive and qualitative character, allowing the inclusion of experimental and non-experimental studies for a complete coverage of the analyzed phenomenon. For data collection, online searches were carried out on the bases: SciElo, LILACS and Elsevier. All journal papers that used the selected terms were included in this review. The degradation of dental pulp after death consists of a complex process that has not been fully studied, but with the techniques and changes shown in the text, reliable post-mortem interval results are possible.

Impact of Sugar on Vision

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Ogbonna ◽  
Rosemary Ehigbo ◽  
Ogbonna Hannah
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Aqueous Humour ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Normal Concentration ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Sugar forms an integral part of the human body, and contributes to normal body function. However, sugar in high quantities can be detrimental to the body especially to the eye. In the normal concentration, sugar in the form of glucose is found in the aqueous humour, and tears, and serves to provide nourishment to the avascular cornea, and lens respectively. Sugar at this stage may also be used to determine the post mortem interval of a cadaver. However, when in excess as may be seen in patients with diabetes, sugar can cause oxidative stress to the cornea, lens, and retina resulting in cornea oedema, cataract, retinal aneurysm which can contribute significantly to the prevalence of low vision, and vision impairment.

scholarly journals Evaluating the utility of time-lapse imaging in the estimation of post-mortem interval: An Australian case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson Wilson ◽  
Stanley Serafin ◽  
Dilan Seckiner ◽  
Rachel Berry ◽  
Xanthé Mallett
Keyword(s):  
Time Lapse ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Australian Case ◽  
Time Lapse Imaging
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