A case study focusing on investigating the tribological performance of Cu-Sn sintered brake pad of off-high road vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (27) ◽  
pp. 4299-4310
Author(s):  
V Vineeth Kumar ◽  
S Senthil Kumaran ◽  
S Dhanalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Copper-based sintered friction materials are most suitable for heavy-duty off-road vehicles, trains, aircraft, and military applications. This present study aims to investigate the tribological performance, dominating wear mechanism of an existing copper-tin sintered friction material that is being used in armoured fighting vehicle. The brake pad was tested as per IS 2742 using the chase test machine. Especially fade cycle was carried out till 441℃ to analyze the frictional response of the material. Physical, mechanical, and tribological properties were evaluated as per industrial standards. Morphological analysis was carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy, and wear debris analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. The dominating wear mechanisms were found to be delamination and abrasive wear. The investigated results showed a less wear rate of 0.05 cm3/MJ. However, results seem to be better for high-energy applications by exhibiting excellent mechanical properties.

Mechanochemical Synthesis of Intermetallic Compounds in the Gallium–Iridium System

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 1940067
Author(s):  
P. Vitiaz ◽  
N. Lyakhov ◽  
T. Grigoreva ◽  
E. Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Active Liquid ◽  
Scanning Electron

The interaction between a solid inert metal Ir and an active liquid metal Ga during mechanical activation in a high-energy planetary mill is studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with high-resolution energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. The effect of mechanical activation on the formation of GaxIry intermetallic compounds and GaxIry/Ir composites and their solubility in acids was investigated. The subsequent extraction of Ga from intermetallic compounds and composites in the mixture of concentrated acids [Formula: see text] makes it possible to produce nanoscale Ir.

Characterization Techniques For Laser-Annealed Polysilicon on Insulating Layers

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Schott ◽  
J. J. Comer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Electron ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Characterization Techniques ◽  
Cw Laser ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTVarious characterization techniques are applied to pulsed and cw laser-annealed polysilicon layers deposited on oxide layers. The results are used to compare these techniques as to the type and completeness of information provided, as well as sample preparation requirements and general ease or difficulty of measurement. The techniques employed include scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron channeling micrographs and selected area channeling patterns (SACP), reflection (high energy) electron diffraction (RHEED), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area diffraction (SAD), x-ray diffraction, optical techniques and etching techniques.

Tribological Performance of 3-(N-mono-n-lurylaminomethyl) quinazolin-4-one as Additive in Liquid Paraffin

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 1049-1052
Author(s):  
Ping Ouyang ◽  
Xian Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Heterocyclic Derivative ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

A heterocyclic derivative of 3-(N-mono-n-lurylaminomethyl) quinazolin-4-one was synthesized and its tribological behavior as an ashless additve without phosphorus and sulphur in liquid paraffin was evaluated using a four-ball tester. On the basis of the experimental results, the novel additive has been found to be quite effective as a potential additive in liquid paraffin. The nature of the film on the rubbed surface was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Effects of Milling Time and Annealing Schedule on Mechanical Activation Synthesis of Brownmillerite Structural Ca2Fe2O5

2011 ◽  
Vol 295-297 ◽  
pp. 1099-1102
Author(s):  
Fen Wang ◽  
Chun Zhao ◽  
Jian Feng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Annealing Schedule ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Scanning Electron

The brownmillerite structural Ca2Fe2O5is successfully prepared by high energy milling starting from CaCO3and Fe2O3. The composition and transformation of phase and structure with different milling time and annealed at 800 °C for 24 h were characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The results indicate that the high pure brownmillerite structural Ca2Fe2O5could be efficiently synthesized at lower temperature by the mechanically activated mixtures.

scholarly journals Infiltration Behavior Of Mechanical Alloyed 75 wt% Cu-25 wt% WC Powders Into Porous WC Compacts

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 1565-1568
Author(s):  
A. Şelte ◽  
B. Özkal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microstructural Evaluation ◽  
Infiltration Behavior ◽  
Infiltration Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractIn this work infiltration behavior of mechanical alloyed 75 wt% Cu – 25 wt% WC powders into porous WC compacts were studied. Owing to their ductile nature, initial Cu powders were directly added to mechanical alloying batch. On the other hand initial WC powders were high energy milled prior to mechanical alloying. Contact infiltration method was selected for densification and compacts prepared from processed powders were infiltrated into porous WC bodies. After infiltration, samples were characterized via X-Ray diffraction studies and microstructural evaluation of the samples was carried out via scanning electron microscopy observations. Based on the lack of solubility between WC and Cu it was possible to keep fine WC particles in Cu melt since solution reprecipitation controlled densification is hindered. Also microstructural characterizations via scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the transport of fine WC fraction from infiltrant to porous WC skeleton can be carried out via Cu melt flow during infiltration.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KITOSAN TERHADAP KRISTALINITAS DAN MORFOLOGI PARTIKEL LITHIUM TITANAT

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Bharata Dewanto ◽  
Bambang Sunendar Purwasasmita ◽  
Ahmad Nuruddin ◽  
Abdul Halim Daulay ◽  
Susanto Sigit Rahardi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dispersing Agent ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Scanning Electron

Baterai terdiri dari katoda, anoda, dan elektrolit. Lithium titanat spinel atau Li4Ti5O12  spinel adalah metal anoda alternatif untuk menggantikan karbon karena memiliki kemampuan untuk memberikan arus besar yang dapat diaplikasikan sebagai baterai pada mobil listrik. Metode yang saat ini sering digunakan untuk pembuatan baterai adalah High Energy Ball Milling, namun energi yang dibutuhkan sangat besar dan waktu pengerjaan dengan metode ini pun cukup lama. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan sintesis serbuk Li4Ti5O12 ­sebagai anoda baterai lithium ion dengan metode sol-gel dengan variabel kitosan sebagai dispersing agent. Gel yang terbentuk dikalsinasi pada variasi suhu 750oC. Serbuk hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan metode XRD (X-ray Diffractometry) dan SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Pada penelitian ini telah berhasil disintesis Li4Ti5O12 dengan metode sol-gel dengan  kitosan sebagai  dispersing agent. Pada suhu kalsinasi 750oC terbentuk 95–97% fasa Li4Ti5O12 yang diketahui dari berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi XRD, kitosan berperan baik sebagai dispersing agent karena dapat meningkatkan kristalinitas, memperkecil ukuran partikel dari serbuk Li4Ti5O12, dan mengurangi aglomerasi partikel. Hasil pengamatan dengan SEM menunjukkan bahwa ukuran dari partikel tergolong pada ukuran submikron yaitu berkisar 75–300 nm yang berpotensi sebagai metal anoda baterai lithium yang mendekati kapasitas secara teori.Kata kunci: baterai lithium ion, anoda, Li4Ti5O12, sol-gel, kitosan

The Tribological Study of a Quinazolin-4-Ones Derivative as Additive in Liquid Paraffin

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 4623-4627
Author(s):  
Ping Ouyang ◽  
M. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Heterocyclic Derivative ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Novel heterocyclic derivative of 3-(N-n-dodecylammonium) quinazolin-4-ones was synthesized and its tribological performance when added to liquid paraffin as an ashless additve without phosphorus and sulphur was evaluated using a four-ball tester. On the basis of the experimental results, the novel additive has been found to be quite effective as a potential additive in liquid paraffin. The nature of the film on the rubbed surface was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Analyses of Dental Tissues from a Hibernator

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 178-179
Author(s):  
M. L. Zimny ◽  
A. C. Haller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Bone Minerals ◽  
Apical Tooth ◽  
Scanning Electron

During hibernation the ground squirrel is immobile, body temperature reduced and metabolism depressed. Hibernation has been shown to affect dental tissues varying degrees, although not much work has been done in this area. In limited studies, it has been shown that hibernation results in (1) mobilization of bone minerals; (2) deficient dentinogenesis and degeneration of alveolar bone; (3) presence of calculus and tears in the cementum; and (4) aggrevation of caries and pulpal and apical tooth abscesses. The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of hibernation on dental tissues employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and related x-ray analyses.

Scanning Electron Microscopy and x-ray analysis of microparticles and early hydration effects

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 692-693
Author(s):  
Yun Lu ◽  
David C. Joy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Early Hydration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Blended Cements ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Chemical Wastes ◽  
Scanning Electron

High resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA) were performed to investigate microparticles in blended cements and their hydration products containing sodium-rich chemical wastes. The physical appearance of powder particles and the morphological development at different hydration stages were characterized by using high resolution SEM Hitachi S-900 and by SEM S-800 with a EDX spectrometer. Microparticles were dispersed on the sample holder and glued by 1% palomino solution. Hydrated bulk samples were dehydrated by acetone and mounted on the holder by silver paste. Both fracture surfaces and flat cutting sections of hydrating samples were prepared and examined. Some specimens were coated with an 3 nm thick Au-Pd or Cr layer to provide good conducting surfaces. For high resolution SEM S-900 observations the accelerating voltage of electrons was 1-2 KeV to protect the electron charging. Microchemical analyses were carried out by S800/EDS equipped with a LINK detector of take-off angle =40°.

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