Immigrant Context and Opportunity

2015 ◽  
Vol 660 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenoa Flippen ◽  
Eunbi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
National Origin ◽  
Immigrant Incorporation ◽  
New Destinations ◽  
Socioeconomic Attainment ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Relationship

Immigrant-origin populations, once overwhelmingly concentrated in a handful of receiving gateways, have dispersed in recent decades to scores of new destinations throughout the United States. This pattern and its implications for immigrant incorporation have received a great deal of attention, but the vast majority of research has focused on Hispanics. This article examines the relationship between settlement patterns and socioeconomic attainment (income, occupational status, and homeownership) among Asians. Drawing on individual- and metro-level information from the 2009 to 2011 American Community Survey, results suggest that Asians in new destinations face an important tradeoff between income and homeownership, and that differences across contexts are largely attributable to metropolitan labor and housing market conditions, rather than the ethnic context per se. However, there are important differences in outcomes among Asians by national origin and sex, and a comparison with whites suggests that inequality differs across new and more established Asian settlement areas.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Relationship of Professionals towards the Vertical Equity of the Slovenian Tax System and Its Comparison with Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and the USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-166
Author(s):  
Jelena Klopčič ◽  
Maja Klun
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vertical Equity ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Equity Principle ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Vertical equity states that taxpayers whose positions are not the same should be treated differently while taking into consideration all the relevant characteristics. The main purpose of using the vertical equity principle is to require the redistribution of income in a way that reduces the income inequality of the society. The presented research aims to check the opinion of Slovenian tax system professionals on the principle of vertical equity. Slovenian results have been compared to a similar analysis carried out in Croatia, and partly with survey results from Bosnia and Herzegovina and the United States of America. The results show that the professional public agrees with the principle of vertical equity in the implementation of tax systems. All of the compared countries are similarly favourable towards vertical equity. However, this is also affected by the current tax arrangements of the individual countries.

scholarly journals Rethinking the Hispanic Paradox: The Mortality Experience of Mexican Immigrants in Traditional Gateways and New Destinations

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Fenelon
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ethnic Density ◽  
New Destinations ◽  
Significant Survival ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research suggests that favorable health outcomes among Mexican immigrants reflect high levels of social support in enclave communities with high co-ethnic density. This study examines the mortality outcomes of Mexican immigrants in the United States in traditional gateways versus new and minor destinations. Mexican immigrants in new and minor destinations have a significant survival advantage over those in traditional gateways, reflecting less established communities in new destinations. This finding casts doubt on the protective effects of enclaves, since non-traditional destinations have less established immigrant communities. Future research should reevaluate the relationship between community ethnic composition, social support, and immigrant health.

scholarly journals Tornado fatalities in context: 1995--2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Fricker ◽  
Corey Friesenhahn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Tornado Damage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Impact Events

Tornadoes account for the third highest average annual weather-related fatality rate in the United States. Here tornado fatalities are examined within the context of multiple physical and social factors using tornado level information related to population and housing units within killer tornado damage paths. The 24-year United States per-capita fatality rate is .32%. The per-housing unit fatality rate is .75%. Fatality rates are further evaluated across annual, monthly, and diurnal categorizations. They are also evaluated between fatality locations and across age and sex categorizations. The geographic distribution of fatalities are then given by season, time of day, and residential structures. Results can be used by emergency managers, meteorologists, and planners to better prepare for high-impact events and used by researchers as quantitative evidence to further investigate the relationship between tornadoes, climate, and society.

scholarly journals Institutions, Incorporation, and Inequality: The Case of Minority Health Inequalities in Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyas Bakhtiari ◽  
Sigrun Olafsdottir ◽  
Jason Beckfield
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Minority Health ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Immigrant Incorporation ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Relationship

Scholars interested in the relationship between social context and health have recently turned attention further “upstream” to understand how political, social, and economic institutions shape the distribution of life chances across contexts. We compare minority health inequalities across 22 European countries ( N = 199,981) to investigate how two such arrangements—welfare state effort and immigrant incorporation policies—influence the distribution of health and health inequalities. We examine two measures of health from seven waves of the European Social Survey. Results from a series of multilevel mixed-effects models show that minority health inequalities vary across contexts and persist after accounting for socioeconomic differences. Cross-level interaction results show that welfare state effort is associated with better health for all groups but is unrelated to levels of inequality between groups. In contrast, policies aimed at protecting minorities from discrimination correlate with smaller relative health inequalities.

Access to Employment, Volunteer Activities, and Community Events and Perceptions of Age-Friendliness: The Role of Social Connectedness

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1016-1024
Author(s):  
Mi Sun Choi ◽  
Holly Dabelko-Schoeny ◽  
Katie White
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Job Resources ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Perceived Age ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Midwestern City

The aim of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect effects of access to employment, volunteer opportunities, and community events on older adults’ perception of age-friendliness and feelings of connectedness. Data were from an age-friendly community survey conducted in a Midwestern city in the United States. We analyzed the responses of 264 older adult residents (50 years and older) using path analysis. Results showed that access to community events, job resources, and connectedness were predictors of older adults’ perceptions of age-friendliness of their community, and that connectedness mediated the relationship between access to community events and perceived age-friendliness. The findings help to refine the concept of an age-friendly community from older adults’ perspectives and emphasize the importance of fostering interactions through community events to enhance older adults’ feelings of connectedness.

scholarly journals The Association of COVID-19 Risk Perception, County Death Rates, and Voluntary Health Behaviors among U.S. Adult Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jad A Elharake ◽  
Mehr Shafiq ◽  
SarahAnn M McFadden ◽  
Amyn A Malik ◽  
Saad B Omer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic continues to adversely impact the United States (U.S.) socially, culturally, and economically. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between COVID-19 county death rates, risk perception, and U.S. adults’ voluntary behaviors—particularly physical distancing. Data were collected from CloudResearch/Qualtrics, Johns Hopkins University, the American Community Survey, and SafeGraph. Our results indicated that higher COVID-19 county death rates were associated with higher risk perceptions, leading to greater time spent at home. These findings will help public health officials identify strategies that best encourage voluntary health behaviors to help curb the spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals What Do They Know and What Do They DO? A National Evaluation of Landscape Integrated Pest Management Knowledge and Use in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Diaz ◽  
Laura A Warner ◽  
Faith Oi ◽  
Cody Gusto
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Technical Training ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Individual residents in the United States increasingly practice do-it-yourself pest management in their lawns and gardens. This self-managed pest control is frequently characterized by unnecessary and sometimes indiscriminate applications of pesticide that are often ineffective and environmentally damaging. Given residential consumers account for most of the world’s pesticide expenditures, the need to increase adoption of IPM best practices is critical. Through its education and technical training programming, we argue that Cooperative Extension is uniquely positioned to nudge residential DIY pest management away from an exclusive reliance on pesticide application and towards IPM best practices. To assess how best to encourage an increase in IPM adoption, we examined the relationship between an individual user’s knowledge of IPM practices and adoption of IPM behavior. Survey results from individual residents responsible for their lawn and garden management indicate that where there is high knowledge of IPM best practices, there appears to be a strong likelihood of behavior adoption. Results also show, however, that a significant number of respondents have little to no knowledge of IPM. To address this gap, we argue for the need to increase IPM-related education and provide recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals Tornado fatalities in context: 1995–2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Fricker ◽  
Corey Friesenhahn
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
The Third ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Tornado Damage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Climate And Society

AbstractTornadoes account for the third highest average annual weather-related fatality rate in the United States. Here tornado fatalities are examined as rates within the context of multiple physical and social factors using tornado level information including population and housing units within killer tornado damage paths. Fatality rates are further evaluated across annual, monthly, and diurnal categories, as well as between fatality locations and across age and sex categories. The geographic distribution of fatalities are then given by season, time of day, and residential structures. Results can be used by emergency managers, meteorologists, and planners to better prepare for high-impact (i.e. fatality) events and used by researchers as quantitative evidence to further investigate the relationship between tornadoes, climate, and society.

Abusive Men's Use of Children to Control Their Partners and Ex-Partners

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa L. Beeble ◽  
Deborah Bybee ◽  
Cris M. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
The Relationship

While research has found that millions of children in the United States are exposed to their mothers being battered, and that many are themselves abused as well, little is known about the ways in which children are used by abusers to manipulate or harm their mothers. Anecdotal evidence suggests that perpetrators use children in a variety of ways to control and harm women; however, no studies to date have empirically examined the extent of this occurring. Therefore, the current study examined the extent to which survivors of abuse experienced this, as well as the conditions under which it occurred. Interviews were conducted with 156 women who had experienced recent intimate partner violence. Each of these women had at least one child between the ages of 5 and 12. Most women (88%) reported that their assailants had used their children against them in varying ways. Multiple variables were found to be related to this occurring, including the relationship between the assailant and the children, the extent of physical and emotional abuse used by the abuser against the woman, and the assailant's court-ordered visitation status. Findings point toward the complex situational conditions by which assailants use the children of their partners or ex-partners to continue the abuse, and the need for a great deal more research in this area.

The United States and the Iranian Nuclear Programme

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Hurst
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nixon Administration ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nuclear Issue ◽  
The Relationship

The United States, Iran and the Bomb provides the first comprehensive analysis of the US-Iranian nuclear relationship from its origins through to the signing of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in 2015. Starting with the Nixon administration in the 1970s, it analyses the policies of successive US administrations toward the Iranian nuclear programme. Emphasizing the centrality of domestic politics to decision-making on both sides, it offers both an explanation of the evolution of the relationship and a critique of successive US administrations' efforts to halt the Iranian nuclear programme, with neither coercive measures nor inducements effectively applied. The book further argues that factional politics inside Iran played a crucial role in Iranian nuclear decision-making and that American policy tended to reinforce the position of Iranian hardliners and undermine that of those who were prepared to compromise on the nuclear issue. In the final chapter it demonstrates how President Obama's alterations to American strategy, accompanied by shifts in Iranian domestic politics, finally brought about the signing of the JCPOA in 2015.

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