scholarly journals Improved Detection Using Negative Elevation Angles for Mountaintop WSR-88Ds. Part III: Simulations of Shallow Convective Activity over and around Lake Ontario

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodger A. Brown ◽  
Thomas A. Niziol ◽  
Norman R. Donaldson ◽  
Paul I. Joe ◽  
Vincent T. Wood
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
New York State ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Heavy Snowfall ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Lake Effect ◽  
Northern Side ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
The Difference

Abstract During the winter, lake-effect snowstorms that form over Lake Ontario represent a significant weather hazard for the populace around the lake. These storms, which typically are only 2 km deep, frequently can produce narrow swaths (20–50 km wide) of heavy snowfall (2–5 cm h−1 or more) that extend 50–75 km inland over populated areas. Subtle changes in the low-altitude flow direction can mean the difference between accumulations that last for 1–2 h and accumulations that last 24 h or more at a given location. Therefore, it is vital that radars surrounding the lake are able to detect the presence and strength of these shallow storms. Starting in 2002, the Canadian operational radars on the northern side of the lake at King City, Ontario, and Franktown, Ontario, began using elevation angles of as low as −0.1° and 0.0°, respectively, during the winter to more accurately estimate snowfall rates at the surface. Meanwhile, Weather Surveillance Radars-1988 Doppler in New York State on the southern and eastern sides of the lake—Buffalo (KBUF), Binghamton (KBGM), and Montague (KTYX)—all operate at 0.5° and above. KTYX is located on a plateau that overlooks the lake from the east at a height of 0.5 km. With its upward-pointing radar beams, KTYX’s detection of shallow lake-effect snowstorms is limited to the eastern quarter of the lake and surrounding terrain. The purpose of this paper is to show—through simulations—the dramatic increase in snowstorm coverage that would be possible if KTYX were able to scan downward toward the lake’s surface. Furthermore, if KBUF and KBGM were to scan as low as 0.2°, detection of at least the upper portions of lake-effect storms over Lake Ontario and all of the surrounding land area by the five radars would be complete. Overlake coverage in the lower half (0–1 km) of the typical lake-effect snowstorm would increase from about 40% to about 85%, resulting in better estimates of snowfall rates in landfalling snowbands over a much broader area.

scholarly journals The Influence of a Lake-to-Lake Connection from Lake Huron on the Lake-Effect Snowfall in the Vicinity of Lake Ontario

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1423-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie E. Lang ◽  
Jessica M. McDonald ◽  
Lauriana Gaudet ◽  
Dylan Doeblin ◽  
Erin A. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Surface Heat Fluxes ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Lake Effect

AbstractLake-effect storms (LES) produce substantial snowfall in the vicinity of the downwind shores of the Great Lakes. These storms may take many forms; one type of LES event, lake to lake (L2L), occurs when LES clouds/snowbands develop over an upstream lake (e.g., Lake Huron), extend across an intervening landmass, and continue over a downstream lake (e.g., Lake Ontario). The current study examined LES snowfall in the vicinity of Lake Ontario and the atmospheric conditions during Lake Huron-to-Lake Ontario L2L days as compared with LES days on which an L2L connection was not present [i.e., only Lake Ontario (OLO)] for the cold seasons (October–March) from 2003/04 through 2013/14. Analyses of snowfall demonstrate that, on average, significantly greater LES snowfall totals occur downstream of Lake Ontario on L2L days than on OLO days. The difference in mean snowfall between L2L and OLO days approaches 200% in some areas near the Tug Hill Plateau and central New York State. Analyses of atmospheric conditions found more-favorable LES environments on L2L days relative to OLO days that included greater instability over the upwind lake, more near-surface moisture available, faster wind speeds, and larger surface heat fluxes over the upstream lake. Last, despite significant snowfalls on L2L days, their average contribution to the annual accumulated LES snowfall in the vicinity of Lake Ontario was found to be small (i.e., 25%–30%) because of the relatively infrequent occurrence of L2L days.

scholarly journals Subglacial water-sheet floods, drumlins and ice-sheet lobes

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (150) ◽  
pp. 201-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
New York State ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
High Water ◽  
Green Bay ◽  
Subglacial Lake ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Subglacial Lakes

AbstractThe effect of subglacial lakes upon ice-sheet topography and the velocity patterns of subglacial water-sheet floods is investigated. A subglacial lake in the combined Michigan–Green Bay basin, Great Lakes, North America, leads to: (1) an ice-sheet lobe in the lee of Lake Michigan; (2) a change in orientations of flood velocities across the site of a supraglacial trough aligned closely with Green Bay, in agreement with drumlin orientations; (3) low water velocities in the lee of Lake Michigan where drumlins are absent; and (4) drumlinization occurring in regions of predicted high water velocities. The extraordinary divergence of drumlin orientations near Lake Ontario is explained by the presence of subglacial lakes in the Ontario and Erie basins, along with ice-sheet displacements of up to 30 km in eastern Lake Ontario. The megagrooves on the islands in western Lake Erie are likely to be the product of the late stage of a water-sheet flood when outflow from eastern Lake Ontario was dammed by displaced ice and instead flowed westward along the Erie basin. The Finger Lakes of northern New York state, northeastern U.S.A., occur in a region of likely ice-sheet grounding where water sheets became channelized. Green Bay and Grand Traverse Bay are probably the products of erosion along paths of strongly convergent water-sheet flow.

scholarly journals A younger glacial Lake Iroquois in the Lake Ontario basin, Ontario and New York: re-examination of pollen stratigraphy and radiocarbon dating

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-463
Author(s):  
C.F.M. Lewis ◽  
T.W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Small Lake ◽  
Pollen Stratigraphy ◽  
Lake Basins

Revision of palynochronologic and radiocarbon age estimates for the termination of glacial Lake Iroquois, mainly based on a currently accepted younger determination of the key Picea–Pinus pollen transition, shows agreement with recently established constraints for this late glacial event in the Lake Ontario basin at 13 000 cal years BP. The date of emergence or isolation of small lake basins reflects the termination of inundation by glacial lake waters. The increasing upward presence of plant detritus and the onset of organic sedimentation marks the isolation level in the sediments of a small lake basin. The upward relative decline and cessation of pollen from trees such as Pinus, Quercus, and other thermophilous hardwoods that were wind transported long distances from southern areas also mark the isolation of inundated small lake basins by the declining water level of Lake Iroquois as local vegetation grew and local pollen overwhelmed long-distance-transported pollen. Re-examination of data in small lake basins north of Lake Ontario using the above criteria shows that the age range for the termination of Lake Iroquois derived from these data overlaps other age constraints. These constraints are based on a varve-estimated duration of post-Iroquois phases before incursion of the Champlain Sea, a newly discovered late ice advance into northern New York State, and the age of a mastodon at Cohoes, New York. The new age (13 000 cal years BP) for Lake Iroquois termination is significantly younger than the previous estimate of 11 800 14C (13 600 cal) years BP.

scholarly journals A Case Study of Anomalous Snowfall with an Alberta Clipper

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Scott M. Rochette ◽  
Patrick S. Market ◽  
Chad M. Gravelle ◽  
Thomas A. Niziol
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
New York State ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Heavy Snowfall ◽  
York State ◽  
Fast Motion

An Alberta clipper moved over western New York state on 11-12 January 2004, producing snowfall amounts of up to 27 cm in portions of the region during a roughly 12-h period. In addition, lightning and thunder were reported. Such systems, known primarily for their fast motion and relatively dry nature, are not generally associated with significant snowfalls. A postmortem analysis of this event, following an ingredients-based methodology, revealed that as the weak low approached the lower Great Lakes, it came under the influence of coupled 300-hPa jets that produced enhanced divergence and significant upward vertical motion over western New York, resulting in the enhanced convective snowfall over the region for a limited time. Instability and possible enhancement via the Great Lakes are also investigated, which show that while there was at least modest instability over the region during the time of heavy snowfall, lake enhancement was unlikely.

scholarly journals Consumption of Lake Ontario sport fish and the incidence of colorectal cancer in the New York State Angler Cohort Study (NYSACS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine L. Callahan ◽  
John E. Vena ◽  
Joseph Green ◽  
Mya Swanson ◽  
Lina Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
New York ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
New York State ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
York State ◽  
Sport Fish

Subglacial water-sheet floods, drumlins and ice-sheet lobes

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (150) ◽  
pp. 201-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
New York State ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
High Water ◽  
Green Bay ◽  
Subglacial Lake ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Subglacial Lakes

AbstractThe effect of subglacial lakes upon ice-sheet topography and the velocity patterns of subglacial water-sheet floods is investigated. A subglacial lake in the combined Michigan–Green Bay basin, Great Lakes, North America, leads to: (1) an ice-sheet lobe in the lee of Lake Michigan; (2) a change in orientations of flood velocities across the site of a supraglacial trough aligned closely with Green Bay, in agreement with drumlin orientations; (3) low water velocities in the lee of Lake Michigan where drumlins are absent; and (4) drumlinization occurring in regions of predicted high water velocities. The extraordinary divergence of drumlin orientations near Lake Ontario is explained by the presence of subglacial lakes in the Ontario and Erie basins, along with ice-sheet displacements of up to 30 km in eastern Lake Ontario. The megagrooves on the islands in western Lake Erie are likely to be the product of the late stage of a water-sheet flood when outflow from eastern Lake Ontario was dammed by displaced ice and instead flowed westward along the Erie basin. The Finger Lakes of northern New York state, northeastern U.S.A., occur in a region of likely ice-sheet grounding where water sheets became channelized. Green Bay and Grand Traverse Bay are probably the products of erosion along paths of strongly convergent water-sheet flow.

Medicaid Stage 1 Meaningful Use EHR Incentive Payments Are Associated With Higher Quality but Not Improvements in Quality

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary M. Grinspan ◽  
Yuhua Bao ◽  
Alison Edwards ◽  
Phyllis Johnson ◽  
Rainu Kaushal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Meaningful Use ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Incentive Group ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stage 1

This was a retrospective cohort study of ambulatory care quality by physicians who received payment for Medicaid Stage 1 Meaningful Use (MU) in 2012 using New York State Medicaid Claims (2010-2013). Eight quality measures were used to compare performance of physicians who received payments to Adopt, Implement, or Use (AIU) an electronic health record in 2011 but not for MU in 2012 (AIU-only group) and physicians who cared for Medicaid patients but received no payments (no-incentive group), using propensity score-weighted difference-in-difference logistic regression analyses, clustering by physician. In all, 13 697 physicians and 913 476 patients were studied. In 2010, the MU group scored higher than both groups (vs AIU-only in 3 of 8 measures, 0.8-1.3 adjusted percentage points; vs no-incentive, 2 of 8 measures, 0.9-2.0 adjusted percentage points). The difference-in-difference analysis found no additional improvements in quality over time relative to either control group. Longer follow-up is needed to determine the effects of Stage 2 MU.

The Frequency and Characteristics of Lake-Effect Precipitation Events Associated with the New York State Finger Lakes

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 873-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Laird ◽  
Ryan Sobash ◽  
Natasha Hodas
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
New York State ◽  
Weather System ◽  
York State ◽  
Lake Effect ◽  
Finger Lakes ◽  
Precipitation Band ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract This study presents a climatological analysis of the frequency and characteristics of lake-effect precipitation events that were initiated or enhanced by lakes within the New York State (NYS) Finger Lakes region for the 11 winters (October–March) from 1995/96 through 2005/06. Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) data from Binghamton, New York, were used to identify 125 lake-effect events. Events occurred as 1) a well-defined, isolated precipitation band over and downwind of a lake, 2) an enhancement of mesoscale lake-effect precipitation originating from Lake Ontario and extending southward over an individual Finger Lake, 3) a quasi-stationary mesoscale precipitation band positioned over a lake embedded within extensive regional precipitation from a synoptic weather system, or 4) a transition from one type to another. Results show that lake-effect precipitation routinely develops over lakes that are considerably smaller than lakes previously discussed as being associated with lake-effect precipitation, such as the Great Lakes. Lake-effect events occurred during each month (October–March) across the 11 winters studied and were identified in association with each of the six easternmost Finger Lakes examined in this study. The frequency of NYS Finger Lakes lake-effect events determined in the current investigation paired with subsequent analyses of the environmental conditions leading to these events will allow for 1) comparative analyses of necessary conditions for lake-effect development across a range of lake sizes (e.g., NYS Finger Lakes, Lake Champlain, Great Salt Lake, and Great Lakes) and 2) an informative examination of the connection between mesoscale processes and climate variability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document