scholarly journals A Hybrid Surface Reference Technique and Its Application to the TRMM Precipitation Radar

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1645-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Meneghini ◽  
J. A. Jones ◽  
T. Iguchi ◽  
K. Okamoto ◽  
J. Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Precipitation Radar ◽  
Weather Radars ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Cross Track

Abstract Satellite weather radars that operate at attenuating wavelengths require an estimate of path attenuation to reconstruct the range profile of rainfall. One such method is the surface reference technique (SRT), by which attenuation is estimated as the difference between the surface cross section outside the rain and the apparent surface cross section measured in rain. This and the Hitschfeld–Bordan method are used operationally to estimate rain rate using data from the precipitation radar (PR) aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. To overcome some of the problems associated with the latest operational version of the SRT, a hybrid surface reference is defined that uses information from the along-track and cross-track variations of the surface cross sections in rain-free areas. Over ocean, this approach eliminates most of the discontinuities in the path-attenuation field. Self-consistency of the estimates is tested by processing the orbits backward as well as forward. Calculations from 2 weeks of PR data show that 90% of the rain events over ocean for which the SRT is classified as reliable or marginally reliable are such that the absolute difference between the forward and backward estimates is less than 1 dB.

scholarly journals Determination of αs in NNLO QCD using H1 jet cross section measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Vladimir Chekelian
Keyword(s):  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Neutral Current ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Boson Mass ◽  
Parton Distribution Functions ◽  
Inclusive Jet ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Jet Cross Sections

Measurements of jet cross sections in neutral current deep-inelastic scattering (NC DIS) using data taken with the H1 detector at HERA are accomplished by the precision measurement of double-differential inclusive jet, dijet and trijet cross sections at low photon virtualities 5.5 < Q2 < 80 GeV2, and by extending previous inclusive jet measurements in the range 150 < Q2 < 15000 GeV2 to low transverse jet momenta 5 < PT < 7 GeV. The strong coupling constant at the Z-boson mass, αs(mZ), is determined in next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD using H1 inclusive jet and dijet cross section measurements. Complementary, αs(mZ) is determined together with parton distribution functions of the proton (PDFs) from jet and inclusive DIS data measured by the H1 experiment. The running of the strong coupling is tested at different values of the renormalisation scale and the results are found to be in agreement with the QCD expectations.

Long-term evaluation of gauge-adjusted precipitation estimates from a radar in Norway

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 171-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yisak Abdella ◽  
Knut Alfredsen
Keyword(s):  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Mean Absolute Difference ◽  
Conditional Mean ◽  
Weather Radars ◽  
Precipitation Estimates ◽  
Adjustment Factors ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Using Data

The implementation of weather radars in Norway by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (met.no) has made radar a potential tool to improve hydrologic predictions through the use of distributed precipitation input. Met.no supplies gauge-adjusted quantitative hourly radar precipitation estimates. A key concern regarding the use of radar precipitation estimates in hydrology is their accuracy. In this study, the precipitation estimates from the Rissa radar in Norway were evaluated through a comparison with observations from 112 gauges used in the adjustment (dependent) and 15 gauges not included in the adjustment (independent). The comparison with daily measurements from the dependent gauges showed a decline in the radar's detection probability beyond a range of about 140 km, with a more severe decline in winter. The deviations between radar- and gauge-conditional mean precipitation were significantly higher in summer than in winter. There was an overestimation at most of the gauge locations during summer, while there were more underestimations during winter. A dependence of accuracy on range was identified from the spatial distribution of the Efficiency Index and mean absolute difference. The evaluation against the independent gauges revealed trends mostly similar to the ones obtained from comparison with the dependent gauges. The radar estimates exhibited better agreement with gauge measurements during winter. The main reasons for the errors remaining in the gauge-adjusted precipitation estimates are the absence of correction for the vertical profile of reflectivity, the use of average monthly adjustment factors, derivation of these factors using data from previous years and the use of a single reflectivity–precipitation rate (Z–R) relation.

scholarly journals Validation of Satellite-Based High-Resolution Rainfall Products over the Korean Peninsula Using Data from a Dense Rain Gauge Network

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Sohn ◽  
Hyo-Jin Han ◽  
Eun-Kyoung Seo
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Diurnal Cycles ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Precipitation Estimation ◽  
Surface Measurements ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Using Data ◽  
June July

Abstract Four independently developed high-resolution precipitation products [HRPPs; the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA), the Climate Prediction Center Morphing Method (CMORPH), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN), and the National Research Laboratory (NRL) blended precipitation dataset (NRL-blended)], with a spatial resolution of 0.25° and a temporal resolution of 3 h, were compared with surface rain measurements for the four summer seasons (June, July, and August) from 2003 to 2006. Surface measurements are 1-min rain gauge data from the Automated Weather Station (AWS) network operated by the Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA) over South Korea, which consists of about 520 sites. The summer mean rainfall and diurnal cycles of TMPA are comparable to those of the AWS, but with larger magnitudes. The closer agreement of TMPA with surface observations is due to the adjustment of the real-time version of TMPA products to monthly gauge measurements. However, the adjustment seems to result in significant overestimates for light or moderate rain events and thus increased RMS error. In the other three products (CMORPH, PERSIANN, and NRL-blended), significant underestimates are evident in the summer mean distribution and in scatterplots for the grid-by-grid comparison. The magnitudes of the diurnal cycles of the three products appear to be much smaller than those suggested by AWS, although CMORPH shows nearly the same diurnal phase as in AWS. Such underestimates by three methods are likely due to the deficiency of the passive microwave (PMW)-based rainfall retrievals over the South Korean region. More accurate PMW measurements (in particular by the improved land algorithm) seem to be a prerequisite for better estimates of the rain rate by HRPP algorithms. This paper further demonstrates the capability of the Korean AWS network data for validating satellite-based rain products.

scholarly journals CRITICAL EXPERIMENT OF THORIUM LOADED THERMAL CORES AT KUCA (1) A NEW CRITICAL EXPERIMENT OF THORIUM LOADED CORE WITH HARDER NEUTRON SPECTRUM IN KUCA

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 09013
Author(s):  
Tadafumi Sano ◽  
Jun-ichi Hori ◽  
Jeaong Lee ◽  
Yoshiyuki Takahashi ◽  
Kazuki Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Neutron Spectrum ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Capture Cross Section ◽  
The Other ◽  
Capture Cross ◽  
Delayed Neutron ◽  
Integral Evaluation ◽  
Critical Experiment ◽  
The Difference

In order to perform integral evaluation of 232Th capture cross section, a series of critical experiments for thorium-loaded and solid-moderated cores in KUCA had been carried out. In these experimental cores, H/235U nuclide ratio ranged about from 150 to 315, and 232Th/235U nuclide ratio ranged about from 13 to 19. In this study, a new critical experiment with Th loaded core in KUCA, which had about 70 of the H/235U ratio and 12.7 of 232Th/235U ratio, was carried out. As results, the excess reactivity was 0.086 ± 0.003 (% dk/k) and the keff was 1.0009 ± 0.0003, where the effective delayed neutron fraction was 7.656E-3. The keff was also calculated by MVP3.0 with different nuclear libraries. The respective calculations with JENDL-4.0, JENDL-3.3 and ENDF/B-VII.0 lead to 1.0056 ± 0.0086 (%), 1.0048 ± 0.0085 (%) and 1.0056 ± 0.0086 (%).On the other hand, the further MVP3.0 calculations, where only the 232Th cross sections were taken from JENDL-4.0, JENDL-3.3 or ENDF/B-VII.0 but all other nuclides were done from JENDL-4.0, were carried out to examine an impact of the difference of 232Th cross section among these nuclear libraries to the keff. The keff calculated with respective 232Th cross sections from JENDL-3.3 and ENDF/B-VII.0 was 1.0038 ± 0.0086 (%) and 1.0040 ± 0.0086 (%).

scholarly journals Future smoking prevalence by socioeconomic status in England: a computational modelling study

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055490
Author(s):  
Fujian Song ◽  
Tim Elwell-Sutton ◽  
Felix Naughton ◽  
Sarah Gentry
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Uncertainty Interval ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Absolute And Relative Inequalities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data

BackgroundThe difference in smoking across socioeconomic groups is a major cause of health inequality. This study projected future smoking prevalence by socioeconomic status, and revealed what is needed to achieve the tobacco-free ambition (TFA) by 2030 in England.MethodsUsing data from multiple sources, the adult (≥18 years) population in England was separated into subgroups by smoking and highest educational qualification (HEQ). A discrete time state-transition model was used to project future smoking prevalence by HEQ deterministically and stochastically.ResultsIn a status quo scenario, smoking prevalence in England is projected to be 10.8% (95% uncertainty interval: 9.1% to 12.9%) by 2022, 7.8% (5.5% to 11.0%) by 2030 and 6.0% (3.7% to 9.6%) by 2040. The absolute difference in smoking rate between low and high HEQ is reduced from 12.2% in 2016 to 7.9% by 2030, but the relative inequality (low/high HEQ ratio) is increased from 2.48 in 2016 to 3.06 by 2030. When applying 2016 initiation/relapse rates, achievement of the TFA target requires no changes to future cessation rates among adults with high qualifications, but increased rates of 37% and 149%, respectively, in adults with intermediate and low qualifications.ConclusionsIf the current trends continue, smoking prevalence in England is projected to decline in the future, but with substantial differences across socioeconomic groups. Absolute inequalities in smoking are likely to decline and relative inequalities in smoking are likely to increase in future. The achievement of England’s TFA will require the reduction of both absolute and relative inequalities in smoking by socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Measurements of top-quark pair differential and double-differential cross-sections in the $$\ell $$+jets channel with pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ TeV using the ATLAS detector

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Aad ◽  
◽  
B. Abbott ◽  
D. C. Abbott ◽  
A. Abed Abud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Differential Cross ◽  
Top Quark ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Atlas Detector ◽  
Double Differential Cross Section ◽  
Quark Pairs ◽  
Top Quark Production ◽  
Using Data

AbstractSingle- and double-differential cross-section measurements are presented for the production of top-quark pairs, in the lepton + jets channel at particle and parton level. Two topologies, resolved and boosted, are considered and the results are presented as a function of several kinematic variables characterising the top and $$t\bar{t}$$ t t ¯ system and jet multiplicities. The study was performed using data from pp collisions at centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected in 2015 and 2016 by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $$36~\mathrm {fb}^{-1}$$ 36 fb - 1 . Due to the large $$t\bar{t}$$ t t ¯ cross-section at the LHC, such measurements allow a detailed study of the properties of top-quark production and decay, enabling precision tests of several Monte Carlo generators and fixed-order Standard Model predictions. Overall, there is good agreement between the theoretical predictions and the data.

K*(892)0Λ & K+Σ*(1385)- PHOTOPRODUCTION ON THE DEUTERON

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 1460101 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
PAUL MATTIONE
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Differential Cross ◽  
Experimental Cross Section ◽  
Differential Cross Sections ◽  
Cross Section Data ◽  
Jefferson Lab ◽  
Section Data ◽  
Experimental Cross ◽  
Using Data

Preliminary measurements of the differential cross sections of the γn → K*(892)0Λ and γn → K+Σ*(1385)- reactions are shown using data from the Jefferson Lab Hall B CLAS g13 experiment. No experimental cross section data have yet been published on the γn → K*(892)0Λ reaction, and the only published cross section data on the γn → K+Σ*(1385)- reaction are at forward angles, where t-channel K+ and K*+ exchanges are predicted to dominate. These data can be used to contribute to the search for the "missing" N* resonances, some of which are predicted to have non-negligible couplings to the excited strangeness channels.

scholarly journals Columns with Different Cross Section using ANSYS Work Bench

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S4) ◽  
pp. 469-473
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Strength Of Materials ◽  
Metal Plates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Specific Material ◽  
Circular Bar ◽  
Ansys Workbench

In this paper we are going to analyze the strength of material and deflection due to applying load on the column. The column of different materials will be cross sectioned and will present the difference of strength of materials by ANSYS workbench. The strength of material will depend upon the young’s modulus and moment of inertia of the metal plate. We use different size of metal plates such as I-section, circular bar, rectangular bar and square bar for a specific material to know the strength of material when a load applied on the cross sections. In this paper we taken a condition that one side of column is fixed and another side is free when load is applying on the column.

scholarly journals Measurement of fiducial and differential $$W^+W^-$$ production cross-sections at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aaboud ◽  
◽  
G. Aad ◽  
B. Abbott ◽  
D. C. Abbott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Momentum ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Top Quark ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Electroweak Gauge Boson ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Background Events

Abstract A measurement of fiducial and differential cross-sections for $$W^+W^-$$W+W- production in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$s=13 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 $$\hbox {fb}^{-1}$$fb-1 is presented. Events with one electron and one muon are selected, corresponding to the decay of the diboson system as $$WW\rightarrow e^{\pm }\nu \mu ^{\mp }\nu $$WW→e±νμ∓ν. To suppress top-quark background, events containing jets with a transverse momentum exceeding 35 GeV are not included in the measurement phase space. The fiducial cross-section, six differential distributions and the cross-section as a function of the jet-veto transverse momentum threshold are measured and compared with several theoretical predictions. Constraints on anomalous electroweak gauge boson self-interactions are also presented in the framework of a dimension-six effective field theory.

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