The Influence of Precipitation Variability and Partial Irrigation within Grid Cells on a Hydrological Simulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuhong Tang ◽  
Taikan Oki ◽  
Shinjiro Kanae ◽  
Heping Hu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
Precipitation Variability ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Constructive Model ◽  
Irrigation Season ◽  
Grid Cells ◽  
Hydrological Simulation

Abstract The effects of natural and anthropogenic heterogeneity on a hydrological simulation are evaluated using a distributed biosphere hydrological model (DBHM) system. The DBHM embeds a biosphere model into a distributed hydrological scheme, representing both topography and vegetation in a mesoscale hydrological simulation, and the model system includes an irrigation scheme. The authors investigated the effects of two kinds of variability, precipitation variability and the variability of irrigation redistributing runoff, representing natural and anthropogenic heterogeneity, respectively, on hydrological processes. Runoff was underestimated if rainfall was placed spatially uniformly over large grid cells. Accounting for precipitation heterogeneity improved the runoff simulation. However, the negative runoff contribution, namely, the situation that mean annual precipitation is less than evapotranspiration, cannot be simulated by only considering the natural heterogeneity. This constructive model shortcoming can be eliminated by accounting for anthropogenic heterogeneity caused by irrigation water withdrawals. Irrigation leads to increased evapotranspiration and decreased runoff, and surface soil moisture in irrigated areas increases because of irrigation. Simulations performed for the Yellow River basin of China indicated streamflow decreases of 41% due to irrigation effects. The latent heat flux in the peak irrigation season [June–August (JJA)] increased 3.3 W m−2 with a decrease in the ground surface temperature of 0.1 K for the river basin. The maximum simulated increase in the latent heat flux was 43 W m−2, and the ground temperature decrease was 1.6 K in the peak irrigation season.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Six Satellite-Based Terrestrial Latent Heat Flux Products in the Vegetation Dominated Haihe River Basin of North China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1632
Author(s):  
Yufu Li ◽  
Xinxin Sui ◽  
Yunjun Yao ◽  
Haixia Cheng ◽  
Lilin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
North China ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Haihe River Basin ◽  
Haihe River ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Global Land

In this study, six satellite-based terrestrial latent heat flux (LE) products were evaluated in the vegetation dominated Haihe River basin of North China. These LE products include Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) LE product, FLUXCOM LE product, Penman-Monteith-Leuning V2 (PML_V2) LE product, Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model datasets (GLEAM) LE product, Breathing Earth System Simulator (BESS) LE product, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (MOD16) LE product. Eddy covariance (EC) data collected from six flux tower sites and water balance method derived evapotranspiration (WBET) were used to evaluate these LE products at site and basin scales. The results indicated that all six LE products were able to capture the seasonal cycle of LE in comparison to EC observations. At site scale, GLASS LE product showed the highest coefficients of determination (R2) (0.58, p < 0.01) and lowest root mean square error (RMSE) (28.2 W/m2), followed by FLUXCOM and PML products. At basin scale, the LE estimates from GLASS product provided comparable performance (R2 = 0.79, RMSE = 18.8 mm) against WBET, compared with other LE products. Additionally, there was similar spatiotemporal variability of estimated LE from the six LE products. This study provides a vital basis for choosing LE datasets to assess regional water budget.

scholarly journals GBRT-Based Estimation of Terrestrial Latent Heat Flux in the Haihe River Basin from Satellite and Reanalysis Datasets

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1054
Author(s):  
Lu Wang ◽  
Yuhu Zhang ◽  
Yunjun Yao ◽  
Zhiqiang Xiao ◽  
Ke Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Haihe River Basin ◽  
Haihe River ◽  
Global Land ◽  
The Haihe River Basin

An accurate and spatially continuous estimation of terrestrial latent heat flux (LE) is fundamental and crucial for the rational utilization of water resources in the Haihe River Basin (HRB). However, the sparsity of flux observation sites hinders the accurate characterization of spatiotemporal LE patterns over the HRB. In this study, we estimated the daily LE across the HRB using the gradient boosting regression tree (GBRT) from global land surface satellite NDVI data, reanalysis data and eddy covariance data. Compared with the random forests (RF) and extra tree regressor (ETR) methods, the GBRT obtains the best results, with R2 = 0.86 and root mean square error (RMSE = 18.1 W/m2. Then, we applied the GBRT algorithm to map the average annual terrestrial LE of the HRB from 2016 to 2018 with a spatial resolution of 0.05°. When compared with the Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LE products, the difference between the terrestrial LE estimated by the GBRT algorithm and the GLASS and MODIS products was less than 20 W/m2 in most areas; thus, the GBRT algorithm was reliable and reasonable for estimating the long-term LE estimation over the HRB.

scholarly journals Integrating Latent Heat Flux Products from MODIS and Landsat Data Using Multi-Resolution Kalman Filter Method in the Midstream of Heihe River Basin of Northwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 1787
Author(s):  
Jia Xu ◽  
Yunjun Yao ◽  
Kanran Tan ◽  
Yufu Li ◽  
Shaomin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Heihe River Basin ◽  
Filter Method ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
Data Gaps

An accurate and spatially continuous estimation of terrestrial latent heat flux (LE) is crucial to the management and planning of water resources for arid and semi-arid areas, for which LE estimations from different satellite sensors unfortunately often contain data gaps and are inconsistent. Many integration approaches have been implemented to overcome these limitations; however, most suffer from either the persistent bias of relying on datasets at only one resolution or the spatiotemporal inconsistency of LE products. In this study, we exhibit an integration case in the midstream of the Heihe River Basin of northwest China by using a multi-resolution Kalman filter (MKF) method to develop continuous and consistent LE maps from satellite LE datasets across different resolutions. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LE product (MOD16), the Landsat-based LE product derived from the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor, and ground observations of eddy covariance flux tower from June to September 2012 are used. The integrated results illustrate that data gaps of MOD16 dropped to less than 0.4% from the original 27–52%, and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) between the LE products decreased by 50.7% on average. Our findings indicate that the MKF method has excellent capacity to fill data gaps, reduce uncertainty, and improve the consistency of multiple LE datasets at different resolutions.

An analog period method for gap‐filling of latent heat flux measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Emilio B. Hoeltgebaum ◽  
Nelson Luís Dias ◽  
Marcelo Azevedo Costa
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
Gap Filling ◽  
Flux Measurements

Scanning 10-W Water Vapor DIAL for the Investigation of Atmospheric Turbulence and Land-Atmosphere Feedback

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Behrendt ◽  
Florian Spaeth ◽  
Volker Wulfmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Atmospheric Turbulence ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Forecast Models

&lt;p&gt;We will present recent measurements made with the water vapor differential absorption lidar (DIAL) of University of Hohenheim (UHOH). This scanning system has been developed in recent years for the investigation of atmospheric turbulence and land-atmosphere feedback processes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The lidar is housed in a mobile trailer and participated in recent years in a number of national and international field campaigns. We will present examples of vertical pointing and scanning measurements, especially close to the canopy. The water vapor gradients in the surface layer are related to the latent heat flux. Thus, with such low-elevation scans, the latent heat flux distribution over different surface characteristics can be monitored, which is important to verify and improve both numerical weather forecast models and climate models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The transmitter of the UHOH DIAL consists of a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser which pumps a Ti:sapphire laser. The output power of this laser is up to 10 W. Two injection seeders are used to switch pulse-to-pulse between the online and offline signals. These signals are then either directly sent into the atmosphere or coupled into a fiber and guided to a transmitting telescope which is attached to the scanner unit. The receiving telescope has a primary mirror with a dimeter of 80 cm. The backscatter signals are recorded shot to shot and are typically averaged over 0.1 to 1 s.&lt;/p&gt;

The Effect of Soil on the Summertime Surface Energy Budget of a Humid Subarctic Tundra in Northern Quebec, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 2547-2564
Author(s):  
Georg Lackner ◽  
Daniel F. Nadeau ◽  
Florent Domine ◽  
Annie-Claude Parent ◽  
Gonzalo Leonardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Surface Energy Budget ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Turbulent Heat Fluxes

AbstractRising temperatures in the southern Arctic region are leading to shrub expansion and permafrost degradation. The objective of this study is to analyze the surface energy budget (SEB) of a subarctic shrub tundra site that is subject to these changes, on the east coast of Hudson Bay in eastern Canada. We focus on the turbulent heat fluxes, as they have been poorly quantified in this region. This study is based on data collected by a flux tower using the eddy covariance approach and focused on snow-free periods. Furthermore, we compare our results with those from six Fluxnet sites in the Arctic region and analyze the performance of two land surface models, SVS and ISBA, in simulating soil moisture and turbulent heat fluxes. We found that 23% of the net radiation was converted into latent heat flux at our site, 35% was used for sensible heat flux, and about 15% for ground heat flux. These results were surprising considering our site was by far the wettest site among those studied, and most of the net radiation at the other Arctic sites was consumed by the latent heat flux. We attribute this behavior to the high hydraulic conductivity of the soil (littoral and intertidal sediments), typical of what is found in the coastal regions of the eastern Canadian Arctic. Land surface models overestimated the surface water content of those soils but were able to accurately simulate the turbulent heat flux, particularly the sensible heat flux and, to a lesser extent, the latent heat flux.

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