scholarly journals The Unusual Southern Hemisphere Stratosphere Winter of 2002

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 614-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Newman ◽  
Eric R. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Ozone Hole ◽  
Polar Night ◽  
Large Wave ◽  
Wave Event ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract The Southern Hemisphere (SH) stratospheric winter of 2002 was the most unusual winter yet observed in the SH climate record. Temperatures near the edge of the Antarctic polar vortex were considerably warmer than normal over the entire course of the winter. The polar night jet was considerably weaker than normal and was displaced more poleward than has been observed in previous winters. These record high temperatures and weak jet resulted from a series of wave events that took place over the course of the winter. The propagation of these wave events from the troposphere is diagnosed from time series of Eliassen–Palm flux vectors and autoregression time series. Strong levels of planetary waves were observed in the midlatitude lower troposphere. The combinations of strong tropospheric waves with a low index of refraction at the tropopause resulted in the large stratospheric wave forcing. The wave events tended to occur irregularly over the course of the winter, and the cumulative effect of these waves was to precondition the polar night jet for the extremely large wave event of 22 September. This large wave event resulted in the first ever observed major stratospheric warming in the SH and split the Antarctic ozone hole. The combined effect of all of the 2002 winter wave events resulted in the smallest ozone hole observed since 1988. The sequence of stratospheric wave events was also found to be strongly associated with unusually strong levels of wave 1 in the SH tropospheric subtropics.

scholarly journals Measuring the Antarctic ozone hole with the new Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 2353-2361 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Kramarova ◽  
E. R. Nash ◽  
P. A. Newman ◽  
P. K. Bhartia ◽  
R. D. McPeters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Ozone Hole ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
The Future ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Ozone Hole

Abstract. The new Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS), which launched on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite in October 2011, gives a detailed view of the development of the Antarctic ozone hole and extends the long series of satellite ozone measurements that go back to the early 1970s. OMPS includes two modules – nadir and limb – to measure profile and total ozone concentrations. The new limb module is designed to measure the vertical profile of ozone between the lowermost stratosphere and the mesosphere. The OMPS observations over Antarctica show excellent agreement with the measurements obtained from independent satellite and ground-based instruments. This validation demonstrates that OMPS data can ably extend the ozone time series over Antarctica in the future. The OMPS observations are used to monitor and characterize the evolution of the 2012 Antarctic ozone hole. While large ozone losses were observed in September 2012, a strong ozone rebound occurred in October and November 2012. This ozone rebound is characterized by rapid increases of ozone at mid-stratospheric levels and a splitting of the ozone hole in early November. The 2012 Antarctic ozone hole was the second smallest on record since 1988.

GOME Observations of Stratospheric Trace Gas Distributions during the Splitting Vortex Event in the Antarctic Winter of 2002. Part I: Measurements

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 778-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Richter ◽  
Folkard Wittrock ◽  
Mark Weber ◽  
Steffen Beirle ◽  
Sven Kühl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Austral Winter ◽  
Situation Analysis ◽  
Ozone Destruction ◽  
Ozone Monitoring ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract Measurements from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) are used to study the chemical evolution of the stratosphere during the unusual 2002 winter in the Southern Hemisphere. The results show that chlorine activation as indicated by OClO columns was similar to previous years in the vortex until the major warming on 26 September 2002 after which it decreased rapidly. Similarly, NO2 columns were only slightly larger than in previous years before the warming, indicating strong denoxification and probably also denitrification. After the warming, very large NO2 columns were observed for a few days, which then decreased again as the vortex reestablished itself until the final warming. Ozone columns were much larger than in any previous year from September onward, mainly as a result of the unusual dynamical situation. Analysis of the global long-term time series of GOME measurements since 1996 provides a unique opportunity to set the austral winter 2002 into perspective. The GOME data reveal the large difference in variability of chlorine activation between the two hemispheres, whereas denoxification shows surprisingly little variation from year to year in both hemispheres. However, NO2 depletion in the Southern Hemisphere is usually sustained for about one month longer in the Antarctic stratosphere as a result of the stable vortex. Compared to the observations in the Northern Hemisphere, the austral winter 2002 was still stable and cold and had a high potential for chemical ozone destruction.

scholarly journals Measuring the Antarctic ozone hole with the new Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 26305-26325 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Kramarova ◽  
E. R. Nash ◽  
P. A. Newman ◽  
P. K. Bhartia ◽  
R. D. McPeters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Ozone Hole ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
The Future ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Ozone Hole

Abstract. The new Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) launched on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite in October 2011 gives a more detailed view of the development of the Antarctic ozone hole than ever before. This instrumental suite extends the long series of satellite ozone measurements that go back to the early 1970s. The OMPS includes two modules – nadir and limb – to measure profile and total ozone concentrations. The new limb module is designed to measure the vertical profile of ozone between the lowermost stratosphere and the mesosphere. The OMPS observations over Antarctica show excellent agreement with the measurements obtained from independent satellite and ground-based instruments. This validation demonstrates that OMPS data can ably extend the ozone time series over Antarctica in the future. The OMPS observations are used to monitor and characterize the evolution of the 2012 Antarctic ozone hole. While large ozone losses were observed in September 2012, a strong ozone rebound occurred in October and November 2012. This ozone rebound is characterized by rapid increases of ozone at mid-stratospheric levels and a splitting of the ozone hole in early November. The 2012 Antarctic ozone hole was the second smallest on record since 1988.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Relationship between Interannual Variations in the Antarctic Ozone Hole and Southern Hemisphere Surface Climate in Chemistry–Climate Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 3131-3151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe E. Gillett ◽  
Julie M. Arblaster ◽  
Andrea J. Dittus ◽  
Makoto Deushi ◽  
Patrick Jöckel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Ozone Hole ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Observational Uncertainty ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Studies have recently reported statistically significant relationships between observed year-to-year spring Antarctic ozone variability and the Southern Hemisphere annular mode and surface temperatures in spring–summer. This study investigates whether current chemistry–climate models (CCMs) can capture these relationships, in particular, the connection between November total column ozone (TCO) and Australian summer surface temperatures, where years with anomalously high TCO over the Antarctic polar cap tend to be followed by warmer summers. The interannual ozone–temperature teleconnection is examined over the historical period in the observations and simulations from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) and nine other models participating in the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI). There is a systematic difference between the WACCM experiments forced with prescribed observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and those with an interactive ocean. Strong correlations between TCO and Australian temperatures are only obtained for the uncoupled experiment, suggesting that the SSTs could be important for driving both variations in Australian temperatures and the ozone hole, with no causal link between the two. Other CCMI models also tend to capture this relationship with more fidelity when driven by observed SSTs, although additional research and targeted modeling experiments are required to determine causality and further explore the role of model biases and observational uncertainty. The results indicate that CCMs can reproduce the relationship between spring ozone and summer Australian climate reported in observational studies, suggesting that incorporating ozone variability could improve seasonal predictions; however, more work is required to understand the difference between the coupled and uncoupled simulations.

Signatures of the Antarctic ozone hole in Southern Hemisphere surface climate change

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 741-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. J. Thompson ◽  
Susan Solomon ◽  
Paul J. Kushner ◽  
Matthew H. England ◽  
Kevin M. Grise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Ozone Hole ◽  
Surface Climate ◽  
Hemisphere Surface ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Ozone Hole

scholarly journals Compilation of ozonesonde profiles from the Antarctic Georg-Forster-Station from 1985 to 1992

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. König-Langlo ◽  
H. Gernandt
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Ozone Hole ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ozone Distribution ◽  
Polar Stratosphere ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Vertical Ozone ◽  
Vertical Ozone Distribution

Abstract. On 22 May 1985 the first balloon-borne ozonesonde was successfully launched by the staff of Georg-Forster-Station (70°46' S, 11°41' E). The subsequent weekly ozone soundings mark the beginning of a continuous investigation of the vertical ozone distribution in the southern hemisphere by Germany. The measurements began the year the ozone hole was discovered. They significantly contribute to other measurements made prior to and following 1985 at other stations. The regular ozone soundings from 1985 until 1992 are a valuable reference data set since the chemical ozone loss became a significant feature in the southern polar stratosphere. The balloon-borne soundings were performed at the upper air sounding facility of the neighbouring station Novolazarevskaya, just 2 km from Georg-Forster-Station. Until 1992, ozone soundings were taken without interruption. Thereafter, the ozone sounding program was moved to Neumayer-Station (70°39' S, 8°15' W) 750 km further west.

The semi-annual oscillation and Antarctic climate. Part 2: recent changes

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiel R. Van Den Broeke
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Pressure Wave ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
East Antarctica ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Antarctic

Following a weakening of the semi-annual oscillation (SAO) since the mid-1970s, the half-yearly pressure wave in the Southern Hemisphere has become less significant. As a result, May/June temperatures have decreased in East Antarctica, which has moderated Antarctic warming. Spectral analysis of 87 years of pressure data at Orcadas suggest that the recent weakening of the SAO is part of the natural variability of the Southern Hemisphere circulation on decadal timescales. We interpret the time series of composite Antarctic temperature in terms of the historical strengthening and weakening of the SAO. If the dominant oscillations that occurred in the past prove to be persistent, an accelerated East Antarctic warming trend is expected for the coming decades. There are indications that the strength of the SAO is linked to the Southern Oscillation, in the sense that warm phases of the Southern Oscillation coincide with strong westerlies, a weakly developed SAO and below-average temperatures in East Antarctica. Temperatures on the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula show strongly deviant patterns, which can not be explained by the same mechanism that applies to East Antarctica.

scholarly journals Tracing the second stage of ozone recovery in the Antarctic ozone-hole with a "big data" approach to multivariate regressions

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. J. de Laat ◽  
R. J. van der A ◽  
M. van Weele
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Ozone Hole ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Record Length ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Ozone Hole

Abstract. This study presents a sensitivity analysis of multivariate regressions of recent springtime Antarctic vortex ozone trends using a "big data" ensemble approach. Our results indicate that the poleward heat flux (Eliassen–Palm flux) and the effective chlorine loading respectively explain most of the short-term and long-term variability in different Antarctic springtime total ozone records. The inclusion in the regression of stratospheric volcanic aerosols, solar variability and the quasi-biennial oscillation is shown to increase rather than decrease the overall uncertainty in the attribution of Antarctic springtime ozone because of large uncertainties in their respective records. Calculating the trend significance for the ozone record from the late 1990s onwards solely based on the fit of the effective chlorine loading is not recommended, as this does not take fit residuals into account, resulting in too narrow uncertainty intervals, while the fixed temporal change of the effective chlorine loading does not allow for any flexibility in the trends. When taking fit residuals into account in a piecewise linear trend fit, we find that approximately 30–60% of the regressions in the full ensemble result in a statistically significant positive springtime ozone trend over Antarctica from the late 1990s onwards. Analysis of choices and uncertainties in time series show that, depending on choices in time series and parameters, the fraction of statistically significant trends in parts of the ensemble can range from negligible to a complete 100% significance. We also find that, consistent with expectations, the number of statistically significant trends increases with increasing record length. Although our results indicate that the use multivariate regressions is a valid approach for assessing the state of Antarctic ozone hole recovery, and it can be expected that results will move towards more confidence in recovery with increasing record length, uncertainties in choices currently do not yet support formal identification of recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole.

The discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole

Nature ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 575 (7781) ◽  
pp. 46-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Hole ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Ozone Hole
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