Climate Variability and Residential Water Use in the City of Phoenix, Arizona

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1130-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Balling ◽  
Patricia Gober
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Residential Water Use ◽  
Monthly Climatic Data ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
The City ◽  
Residential Water

Abstract In this investigation, how annual water use in the city of Phoenix, Arizona, was influenced by climatic variables between 1980 and 2004 is examined. Simple correlation coefficients between water use and annual mean temperature, total annual precipitation, and annual mean Palmer hydrological drought index values are +0.55, −0.69, −0.52, respectively, over the study period (annual water use increases with higher temperature, lower precipitation, and drought). Multivariate analyses using monthly climatic data indicate that annual water use is controlled most by the overall state of drought, autumn temperatures, and summer-monsoon precipitation. Model coefficients indicate that temperature, precipitation, and/or drought conditions certainly impact water use, although the magnitude of the annual water-use response to changes in climate was relatively low for an urban environment in which a sizable majority of residential water use is for outdoor purposes. People’s perception of the landscape’s water needs and their willingness and ability to respond to their perceptions by changing landscaping practices are probably more important than the landscape’s need for water in assessing residential water demand and the variation therein.

Assessing the impact of property size on residential water use for selected neighbourhoods in Lilongwe, Malawi

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikondi Makwiza ◽  
Heinz Erasmus Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Residential Water Use ◽  
Residential Properties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Residential Water

Malawi has one of the highest urbanisation rates in Africa, with an urban housing approach that favours large residential plot sizes. The impact of plot size on residential water use was evaluated by examining water use records, obtained for the period between January 2009 and December 2014, for formal residential properties in the city of Lilongwe. Water use increased with plot size in line with other reported research, but the dataset contained a considerable proportion of large plots, which were also associated with higher residential water use than presented in similar studies. The findings of this study point to the need for collaboration between water managers and urban planners to promote increased access of urban water supplies by appropriately managing future residential plot sizes.

The implications of climate change on residential water use: a micro-scale analysis of Portland (OR), USA

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Shandas ◽  
Meenakshi Rao ◽  
Moriah McSharry McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Residential Water Use ◽  
Residential Water

Social and behavioral research is crucial for securing environmental sustainability and improving human living environments. Although the majority of people now live in urban areas, we have limited empirical evidence of the anticipated behavioral response to climate change. Using empirical data on daily household residential water use and temperature, our research examines the implications of future climate conditions on water conservation behavior in 501 households within the Portland (OR) metropolitan region. We ask whether and how much change in ambient temperatures impact residential household water use, while controlling for taxlot characteristics. Based on our results, we develop a spatially explicit description about the changes in future water use for the study region using a downscaled future climate scenario. The results suggest that behavioral responses are mediated by an interaction of household structural attributes, and magnitude and temporal variability of weather parameters. These findings have implications for the way natural resource managers and planning bureaus prepare for and adapt to future consequences of climate change.

scholarly journals Do Conservation Policies Work? Evidence from Residential Water Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 190-225
Author(s):  
Oliver R. Browne ◽  
Ludovica Gazze ◽  
Michael Greenstone
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Residential Water Use ◽  
Residential Water

Outdoor Residential Water Use Restrictions during Recent Drought Suppressed Disease Vector Abundance in Southern California

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 478-487
Author(s):  
Abinash Bhattachan ◽  
Nicholas K. Skaff ◽  
Amanda M. Irish ◽  
Solomon Vimal ◽  
Justin V. Remais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Vector Abundance ◽  
Residential Water Use ◽  
Residential Water

scholarly journals How managers can reduce household water use through communication: A field experiment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Hodges ◽  
Colin Kuehl ◽  
Sarah E. Anderson ◽  
Phillip John Ehret ◽  
Cameron Brick
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Water ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Residential Water Use ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Water District ◽  
Residential Water

As populations increase and droughts intensify, water providers are using tools such as persuasive messaging to decrease residential water use. However, district-led messaging campaigns are rarely informed by psychological science, evaluated for effectiveness, or strategically disseminated. In collaboration with a water district, we report a field experiment among single-family households using persuasive messaging based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model (IMB). We randomly assigned 10,000 households to receive different mailings and measured household water use. All messaging reduced water consumption relative to the control. On average, water use dropped 0.68 HCF (509 gallons) per household in the first month. Had all 10,000 single-family, occupied, non-agricultural residences been mailed the IMB messaging, more than 5 million gallons would have been saved in the first month. The effects declined but persisted for approximately three months and were three to six times greater in households with high water use (75th-90th percentiles) relative to average water use. These findings suggest that combining message elements from the IMB model can reduce residential water use and that targeting high-use households is particularly cost-effective.

scholarly journals Potential Water Use Conflicts Generated by Irrigated Agriculture in Rhode Island

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Gold ◽  
Thomas Weaver ◽  
Edwin Porter ◽  
James Opaluch
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Residential Water Use ◽  
Value Of Irrigation Water ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Residential Water

This study constructs a simulation model to evaluate the potential for conflict among residential and agricultural users of water in southern Rhode Island. The model estimates the profitability of irrigation of turf farms and projects the total use and the economic value of irrigation water. The results indicate that the economic value of irrigation water compares favorably with current residential water prices in the area. In addition, substantial demand for irrigation water is projected. Given current rates of growth in turf acreage and residential water use, there appears to be a significant potential for conflict, particularly given the absence of well developed institutions for allocating water among users.

scholarly journals A Low-Cost, Open Source Monitoring System for Collecting High Temporal Resolution Water Use Data on Magnetically Driven Residential Water Meters

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo J. Bastidas Pacheco ◽  
Jeffery S. Horsburgh ◽  
Robb J. Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Residential Water Use ◽  
Water Meters ◽  
Residential Water

We present a low-cost (≈$150) monitoring system for collecting high temporal resolution residential water use data without disrupting the operation of commonly available water meters. This system was designed for installation on top of analog, magnetically driven, positive displacement, residential water meters and can collect data at a variable time resolution interval. The system couples an Arduino Pro microcontroller board, a datalogging shield customized for this specific application, and a magnetometer sensor. The system was developed and calibrated at the Utah Water Research Laboratory and was deployed for testing on five single family residences in Logan and Providence, Utah, for a period of over 1 month. Battery life for the device was estimated to be over 5 weeks with continuous data collection at a 4 s time interval. Data collected using this system, under ideal installation conditions, was within 2% of the volume recorded by the register of the meter on which they were installed. Results from field deployments are presented to demonstrate the accuracy, functionality, and applicability of the system. Results indicate that the device is capable of collecting data at a temporal resolution sufficient for identifying individual water use events and analyzing water use at coarser temporal resolutions. This system is of special interest for water end use studies, future projections of residential water use, water infrastructure design, and for advancing our understanding of water use timing and behavior. The system’s hardware design and software are open source, are available for potential reuse, and can be customized for specific research needs.

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