scholarly journals Variation of Surface Air Temperature in Complex Terrain

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1481-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mahrt
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Eddy Correlation ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Correlation Data ◽  
Thermally Driven ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Data from three micronetworks with eddy correlation data and three additional micronetworks without eddy correlation data are analyzed to study the spatial variability of surface air temperature in complex terrain. A simple similarity relationship is constructed to relate the spatial variation of air temperature along the slope to the thermal forcing and mixing. Mixing is not included in present empirical formulations of the surface air temperature distribution in complex terrain. The development of surface temperature gradients along the slope, resulting from surface heating or cooling, is bounded by a maximum (or saturated) value, where a further increase of temperature gradients is restricted by redistribution of heat by thermally driven slope circulations. Although much of the spatial variation of the surface air temperature is governed by complex three-dimensionality and surface vegetation, a relatively simple relationship is able to account for much of the diurnal and day-to-day variation of the spatial distribution of air temperature. This relationship requires information on the surface heat flux and friction velocity over a reference surface. Required generalizations of the relationship are outlined before it can be applied to an arbitrary site.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Indo-Pacific Convection Oscillation and Summer Surface Air Temperature in Southern Asia

SOLA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (0) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayu Zheng ◽  
Yanjie Li ◽  
Jianping Li ◽  
Jiaqing Xue ◽  
Yipeng Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Southern Asia ◽  
The Relationship

Joint multifractal description of the relationship between wind patterns and land surface air temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 99 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 366-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J. Jiménez-Hornero ◽  
P. Pavón-Domínguez ◽  
E. Gutiérrez de Ravé ◽  
A.B. Ariza-Villaverde
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wind Patterns

RESEARCH OF METEOROLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE CAUCASUS REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
BOZIEVA ZHANNA CH. ◽  
◽  
AGOEVA ELEONORA A. ◽  
ITTIEV ABDULLAX B. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The negative effects of global climate change and the impact of rising surface air temperatures are already evident. Among the many echoes of these processes are the melting of glaciers, the reduction of the ice cover of the northern seas, the gradual disappearance of permafrost, sea level rise, soil erosion, and extreme weather events such as floods, hurricanes, droughts, and forest fires. As a result, the world's freshwater resources, public health and the well-being of the environment are under threat. Annually renewable fresh water resources, represented by the annual flow of rivers, are of undoubted value. Our goal was to identify the relationship of meteorological parameters, such as surface air temperature and precipitation in the high-altitude region of the Central Caucasus, with water consumption in the lowland territory of the Caucasus on the example of the river.Terek (art. Kotlyarevskaya). These studies are particularly valuable from the point of view of the relationship between climate change and its further impact on the hydrological cycle of the lowland regions of the Caucasus. In the course of the research, the relationship was revealed, indicating that the distribution of river flow over the territory of the Caucasus corresponds to the distribution of the annual amounts of surface air temperature and the annual amounts of atmospheric precipitation.

scholarly journals Climatological significance of δ18 O in precipitation and ice cores: a case study at the head of the Ürümqi river, Tien Shan, China

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (151) ◽  
pp. 517-523
Author(s):  
Hou Shugui ◽  
Qin Dahe ◽  
Paul A. Mayewski ◽  
Yang Qinzhao ◽  
Ren Jiawen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Condensation Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Ratios ◽  
Stable Oxygen ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractStable-oxygen-isotope ratios (δ18O) of precipitation and ice-core samples collected from the headwaters of the Urümqi river, Tien Shan, China, were used to test the relationship between δ18O and contemporaneous surface air temperature (Ta). A strong temporal relationship is found between δ18O in precipitation and Ta, particularly for the monthly averages which remove synoptic-scale influences such as changes in condensation level, condensation temperature and moisture sources ( Yao and others, 1996). Linear fits as high as 0.95‰° C-1 for precipitation events and 1.23‰° C-1 for monthly averages are found. Although the δ18O amplitude in ice cores drilled at the nearby Ürümqi glacier No.1(~2 km from the precipitation sampling site) decreased dramatically compared to the precipitation samples, the ice-core records of annually averaged δ18 are still positively correlated with contemporaneous air temperature, especially summer air temperature, at the nearby Daxigou meteorological station. Nevertheless, the relationship between the ice-core δ18O records and contemporaneous air temperature is less significant than that for the precipitation samples due to depositional and post-depositional modification processes, which are highlighted by the successive snow-pit δ18O profiles from the Ürümqi glacier No.1. Our results might extend the application of high-altitude and subtropical ice-core δ18O —Ta records for paleoclimate reconstruction.

scholarly journals Climatological significance of δ18 O in precipitation and ice cores: a case study at the head of the Ürümqi river, Tien Shan, China

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (151) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hou Shugui ◽  
Qin Dahe ◽  
Paul A. Mayewski ◽  
Yang Qinzhao ◽  
Ren Jiawen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Condensation Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Ratios ◽  
Stable Oxygen ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractStable-oxygen-isotope ratios(δ18O)of precipitation and ice-core samples collected from the headwaters of the Urümqi river, Tien Shan, China, were used to test the relationship betweenδ18Oand contemporaneous surface air temperature (Ta). A strong temporal relationship is found betweenδ18Oin precipitation andTa,particularly for the monthly averages which remove synoptic-scale influences such as changes in condensation level, condensation temperature and moisture sources ( Yao and others, 1996). Linear fits as high as 0.95‰° C-1for precipitation events and 1.23‰° C-1for monthly averages are found. Although theδ18O amplitude in ice cores drilled at the nearby Ürümqi glacier No.1(~2 km from the precipitation sampling site) decreased dramatically compared to the precipitation samples, the ice-core records of annually averagedδ18are still positively correlated with contemporaneous air temperature, especially summer air temperature, at the nearby Daxigou meteorological station. Nevertheless, the relationship between the ice-coreδ18Orecords and contemporaneous air temperature is less significant than that for the precipitation samples due to depositional and post-depositional modification processes, which are highlighted by the successive snow-pitδ18Oprofiles from the Ürümqi glacier No.1. Our results might extend the application of high-altitude and subtropical ice-coreδ18O—Tarecords for paleoclimate reconstruction.

scholarly journals Relationships between Vertical Temperature Gradients and PM10 Concentrations during Selected Weather Conditions in Upper Silesia (Southern Poland)

Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Ewa Bożena Łupikasza ◽  
Tadeusz Niedźwiedź
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Upper Silesia ◽  
Southern Poland

This paper studies surface air temperature inversions and their impact on air pollution under the background of meteorological conditions in southern Poland. The relationship of temperature gradients and air quality classes with weather conditions in the most urbanized and polluted part of Poland as represented by the Upper Silesia region (USR) within the administrative boundaries of the Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowska Metropolis (GZM) is presented. Based on probability analysis this study hierarchized the role of the selected weather elements in the development of surface-based temperature inversion (SBI) and air quality (AQ). The thresholds of weather elements for a rapid increase in the probability of oppressive air pollution episodes were distinguished. Although most SBI occurred in summer winter SBIs were of great importance. In that season a bad air quality occurred during >70% of strong inversions and >50% of moderate inversions. Air temperature more strongly triggered AQ than SBI development. Wind speed was critical for SBI and significant for AQ development. A low cloudiness favored SBI occurrence altered air quality in winter and spring during SBI and favored very bad AQ5 (>180 µg/m3) occurrence. The probability of high air pollution enhanced by SBI rapidly increased in winter when the air temperature dropped below −6 °C the wind speed decreased below 1.5 m/s and the sky was cloudless. Changes in the relative humidity did not induce rapid changes in the occurrence of bad AQ events during SBI

Enhanced Relationship between Central Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperature and Eurasian Surface Air Temperature during Boreal Summers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-68
Author(s):  
Jing Ming ◽  
Jianqi Sun
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Wave Train ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The North ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The North Pacific ◽  
Mean State

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between the central tropical Pacific (CTP) sea surface temperature (SST) and the surface air temperature (SAT) variability un-related to canonical El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) over mid-to-high latitude Eurasia during boreal summers over the past half-century. The results show that their relationship experienced a decadal shift around the early 1980s. Before the early 1980s, the Eurasian SAT-CTP SST connection was weak; after that time, the relationship became stronger, and the SAT anomalies exhibited a significant wave-like pattern over Eurasia. Such a decadal change in the Eurasian SAT-CTP SST relationship could be attributed to decadal changes in the mean state and variability of CTP SST. The warmer mean state and enhanced SST variability after the early 1980s reinforced the convective activities over the tropical Pacific, leading to significantly anomalous divergence/convergence and Rossby wave sources over the North Pacific. This outcome further excited the wave train propagating along the Northern Hemisphere zonal jet stream to northern Eurasia and then affected the surface heat fluxes and atmospheric circulations over the region, resulting in wave-like SATs over Eurasia. However, during the period before the early 1980s, the CTP SST had a weak impact on the North Pacific atmospheric circulation and was consequently not able to excite the wave train pattern to impact the Eurasian atmospheric circulation and SATs. The physical processes linking the CTP SST and Eurasian SAT are further confirmed by numerical simulations. The results of this study are valuable to understanding the variability of summer Eurasian SATs.

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