scholarly journals Observed Interaction between Pacific Sea Ice and the Western Pacific Pattern on Intraseasonal Time Scales

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 5031-5042 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Joss Matthewman ◽  
Gudrun Magnusdottir
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Western Pacific

The relationship between North Pacific sea ice and the Western Pacific (WP) pattern is examined using wintertime observational data between 1978 and 2008. Weekly averaged data are chosen to capture the characteristically short time scale of the WP. A clear relationship is found between the WP and sea ice concentrations in the Bering Sea, where the positive polarity of the WP is accompanied by increasing sea ice concentrations and the negative WP by decreasing sea ice concentrations. Sea ice concentrations in the Sea of Okhotsk, however, are shown to be largely insensitive to the strength of the WP. Feedback of Bering Sea sea ice concentrations onto the WP is tested by fitting weekly averaged observations to a vector autoregressive (VAR) model. Results from the VAR model indicate that feedback of Bering Sea sea ice onto the WP plays a significant role in the dynamics of the WP and that this feedback is positive; that is, WP-induced changes in Bering Sea sea ice concentrations help sustain existing WP conditions, thereby lengthening the time scale of variability of the WP.

scholarly journals Late Winter Sea Ice in the Bering Sea: Predictor for Maize and Rice Production in Northeast China

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1183-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengzi Zhou ◽  
Huijun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Western Pacific Subtropical High ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Subtropical High ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
The Western Pacific

AbstractIn this research, the linkage between late winter Bering Sea ice and maize/rice yields in northeastern China (NEC) is investigated. Results show that such ice influences NEC crop production and thus can be employed to predict harvest amounts. Further investigation reveals that positive anomalies of late winter sea ice cover can persist until spring and that spring sea ice can strengthen North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) positive-phase patterns, and vice versa. NPO significantly affects sea surface temperature (SST) over the North Pacific Ocean through sea–air interaction—in particular, in the Kuroshio region—that may persist until summer. In association with the positive SST anomalies, the polar vortex weakens and the western Pacific subtropical high strengthens, resulting in the convergence of southern and northern air masses over NEC. Moreover, both the southerly flow along the western flank of the western Pacific subtropical high and the easterly flow from the Japan Sea and the central Pacific region supply more water vapor transport; thus, an anomalous water vapor convergence center appears in NEC. With the anomalous updrafts, NEC exhibits positive precipitation anomalies. The greenhouse effect of water vapor results in an increase in minimum temperature, thereby leading to a decrease in diurnal temperature range (DTR). This increase in minimum temperature and decrease in DTR are primary factors favoring increases in rice and maize yields, respectively.

An Alternative Test Using Algal Cultures for Testing Chemicals for Toxicity

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
Søren Achim Nielsen ◽  
Thomas Hougaard
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Test System ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Alternative Test ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Algal Cultures ◽  
Test Cultures

An alternative test is presented, in which algal cultures are used for testing toxic substances. This test system is based on variations in the size distribution of cells in test cultures as a measurement of growth. Thus, inhibition of mitotic activity is used as a measurement for toxic effects. The test can be performed on a short time-scale and is very sensitive to even weak toxic doses.

SHORT-TIME SCALE DEVELOPMENT OF A GYMNODINIUM CATENATUM POPULATION IN THE RIA DE VIGO (NW SPAIN)1

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eglee Gomez Fermin ◽  
Francisco G. Figueiras ◽  
Belen Arbones ◽  
Maria Luisa Villarino
Keyword(s):  
Scale Development ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Ría De Vigo ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Gymnodinium Catenatum
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