scholarly journals Mountain Forces and the Atmospheric Energy Budget

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2689-2694
Author(s):  
Joseph Egger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Atmospheric Energy ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Nonspherical Shape ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth ◽  
Energy Equations ◽  
Standard Energy

Abstract Although mountains are generally thought to exert forces on the atmosphere, the related transfers of energy between earth and atmosphere are not represented in standard energy equations of the atmosphere. It is shown that the axial rotation of the atmosphere must be included in the energy budget in order to resolve this issue. The energy transfer resulting from mountains turns out to be closely related to mountain torques. The energetic effects of a changing rotation of the earth are discussed, as well as those of friction torques and those of the nonspherical shape of the earth.

A Numerical–Analytical Approach to Modeling the Axial Rotation of the Earth

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. G. Markov ◽  
V. V. Perepelkin ◽  
L. V. Rykhlova ◽  
A. S. Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth

The Terrestrial Coordinate System and International Earth-rotation Services

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (02) ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
G. A. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Earth Rotation ◽  
Reference System ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Crustal Movements ◽  
Earth Observations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
External Reference ◽  
External Objects ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth

New techniques of measurement make it possible in 1984 to determine positions on the surface of the Earth to a much higher precision than was possible in 1884. If we look beyond the requirements of navigation we can see useful applications of global geodetic positioning to centimetric accuracy for such purposes as the control of mapping and the study of crustal movements. These new techniques depend upon observations of external objects, such as satellites or quasars rather than stars, and they require that the positions of these objects and the orientation of the surface of the Earth are both known with respect to an appropriate external reference system that is ‘fixed’ in space. We need networks of observing stations and analysis centres that monitor the motions of the external objects and the rotation of the Earth. Observations of stars by a transit circle are no longer adequate for this purpose.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Alfvén waves in partially ionized astrophysical plasmas

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
DASTGEER SHAIKH
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Neutral Atoms ◽  
Astrophysical Plasmas ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Consistent Model ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Partially Ionized ◽  
Energy Equations

AbstractWe develop a two dimensional, self-consistent, compressible fluid model to study evolution of Alfvenic modes in partially ionized astrophysical and space plasmas. The partially ionized plasma consists mainly of electrons, ions and significant neutral atoms. The nonlinear interactions amongst these species take place predominantly through direct collision or charge exchange processes. Our model uniquely describe the interaction processes between two distinctly evolving fluids. In our model, the electrons and ions are described by a single-fluid compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model and are coupled self-consistently to the neutral fluid via compressible hydrodynamic equations. Both plasma and neutral fluids are treated with different energy equations that adequately enable us to monitor non-adiabatic and thermal energy exchange processes between these two distinct fluids. Based on our self-consistent model, we find that the propagation speed of Alfvenic modes in space and astrophysical plasma is slowed down because these waves are damped predominantly due to direct collisions with the neutral atoms. Consequently, energy transfer takes place between plasma and neutral fluids. We describe the mode coupling processes that lead to the energy transfer between the plasma and neutral and corresponding spectral features.

Sensing the rotation of the Earth

1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-111
Author(s):  
H. Richard Crane
Keyword(s):  
The Earth ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth
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