scholarly journals Urbanization Impacts on the Climate in Europe: Numerical Experiments by the PSU–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5)

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1442-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Trusilova ◽  
M. Jung ◽  
G. Churkina ◽  
U. Karstens ◽  
M. Heimann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
In The Beginning

Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of urban land on the climate in Europe on local and regional scales. Effects of urban land cover on the climate are isolated using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU–NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) with a modified land surface scheme based on the Town Energy Budget model. Two model scenarios represent responses of climate to different states of urbanization in Europe: 1) no urban areas and 2) urban land in the actual state in the beginning of the twenty-first century. By comparing the simulations of these contrasting scenarios, spatial differences in near-surface temperature and precipitation are quantified. Simulated near-surface temperatures and an urban heat island for January and July over a period of 6 yr (2000–05) agree well with corresponding measurements at selected urban areas. The conversion of rural to urban land results in statistically significant changes to precipitation and near-surface temperature over areas of the land cover perturbations. The diurnal temperature range in urbanized regions was reduced on average by 1.26° ± 0.71°C in summer and by 0.73° ± 00.54°C in winter. Inclusion of urban areas results in an increase of urban precipitation in winter (0.09 ± 00.16 mm day−1) and a precipitation reduction in summer (−0.05 ± 0.22 mm day−1).

scholarly journals Impact of Multitemporal Land Use and Land Cover Change on Land Surface Temperature Due to Urbanization in Hefei City, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Jing Sun ◽  
Suwit Ongsomwang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Lulc Change ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact

Land surface temperature (LST) is an essential parameter in the climate system whose dynamics indicate climate change. This study aimed to assess the impact of multitemporal land use and land cover (LULC) change on LST due to urbanization in Hefei City, Anhui Province, China. The research methodology consisted of four main components: Landsat data collection and preparation; multitemporal LULC classification; time-series LST dataset reconstruction; and impact of multitemporal LULC change on LST. The results revealed that urban and built-up land continuously increased from 2.05% in 2001 to 13.25% in 2020. Regarding the impact of LULC change on LST, the spatial analysis demonstrated that the LST difference between urban and non-urban areas had been 1.52 K, 3.38 K, 2.88 K and 3.57 K in 2001, 2006, 2014 and 2020, respectively. Meanwhile, according to decomposition analysis, regarding the influence of LULC change on LST, the urban and built-up land had an intra-annual amplitude of 20.42 K higher than other types. Thus, it can be reconfirmed that land use and land cover changes due to urbanization in Hefei City impact the land surface temperature.

scholarly journals Land Cover Change Effects on the Climate of the La Plata Basin

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Jae Lee ◽  
Ernesto Hugo Berbery
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Roughness Length ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Surface Roughness Length

Abstract Deforestation and replacement of natural pastures by agriculture have become a common practice in the La Plata River basin in South America. The changes in land cover imply changes in the biophysical properties of the land surface, with possible impacts on the basin’s hydroclimate. To help understand to what extent the climate could be affected, and through which processes, ensembles of seasonal simulations were prepared using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model for a control case and a scenario assuming an expansion of the agricultural activities to cover the entire basin. The La Plata River basin shows different climate responses to the land cover changes depending on the region. The northern part of the basin, where forests and savanna were replaced by crops, experiences an overall increase in albedo that leads to a reduction of sensible heat flux and near-surface temperature. A reduction of surface roughness length leads to stronger low-level winds that, in turn, favor a larger amount of moisture being advected out of the northern part of the basin. The result is a reduction of the vertically integrated moisture flux convergence (VIMFC) and, consequently, in precipitation. In the southern part of the basin, changes from grasslands to crops reduce the albedo and thus increase the near-surface temperature. The reduction in surface roughness length is not as large as in the northern sector, reducing the northerly moisture fluxes and resulting in a net increase of VIMFC and, thus, in precipitation. Notably, advective processes modify the downstream circulation and precipitation patterns over the South Atlantic Ocean.

scholarly journals MODELING THE DEVELOPMENTS IN URBANISATION AND RELATIONSHIP WITH VEGETATION COVER IN ALANYA

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W5-2021 ◽  
pp. 291-297
Author(s):  
B. İşler ◽  
Z. Aslan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
World Population ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Atmospheric Variables

Abstract. The increase in the world population and the migration of people from rural to urban areas causes an increase in artificial surfaces and causes many negative effects on the ecosystem, regional climate variations and global diversity. Nowadays, as the effects of climate change are felt more and more, it has gained importance in researches on this subject. Therefore, the estimation of the change in the vegetation density for the coming years and the determination of the land use / land cover (LULC) change in cities are very essential for urban planning. In this study, the effects of regional urbanization on vegetation are examined by using satellite data and atmospheric variables. In the vegetation analysis, multi-time index values obtained from TERRA-MODIS satellite, EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index) and LST (Land Surface Temperature) were taken into account between the years of 2005 and 2018 in Alanya, Turkey. Temperature and precipitation were selected as the atmospheric variables and expected variations in EVI value until 2030 were estimated. In the study employed a wavelet-transformed artificial neural network (WANN) model to generate long-term (12-year) EVI forecasts using LST, temperature and precipitation. The relationship between land use / land cover and urbanization is investigated with NDBI (Normalized Difference Built-up Index) data obtained from the Landsat 8 OLI / TIRS satellite sensor. The simulation results show that The EVI value, which was 0.30 in 2018, will decrease to 0.25 in 2030.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF MODIS-DERIVED LST PRODUCTS WITH AIR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN CYPRUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Marios Georgiou ◽  
Stefani Theofanis Varnava
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Temperature Reconstruction ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Near Surface

Air temperature data is usually obtained from measurements made in meteorological stations, providing only limited information about spatial patterns over wide areas. The use of remote sensing data can help overcome this problem, particularly in areas with low station density, having the potential to improve the estimation of air surface temperature at both regional and global scales. Land Surface (skin) Temperatures (LST) derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor aboard the Terra and Aqua satellite platforms provide spatial estimates of near-surface temperature values. In this study, LST values from MODIS are compared to ground-based near surface air (Tair) measurements obtained from 4 observational stations during 2011 to 2015, covering coastal, mountainous and urban areas over Cyprus. Combining Terra and Aqua LST-8 Day and Night acquisitions into a mean 8-day value, provide a large number of LST observations and a better overall agreement with Tair. Comparison between mean monthly LSTs and mean monthly Tair for all sites and all seasons pooled together yields a very high correlations (r > 0.96) and biases ranging from 1.9oC to 4.1oC. MODIS capture overall variability with a slightly systematic overestimation of seasonal fluctuations of surface temperature. For the evaluation of intra-seasonal temperature variability, MODIS showed biases up to 6.7oC in summer with a tendency to overestimate the variability while in cold seasons, limited biases were presented (0.10oC ± 0.50oC) with a tendency to underestimate the variability. Finally, there was no indication of tendency for MODIS to systematically under- or overestimate the amplitude of the inter-annual variability analysis. The presented high standard deviation can be explained by the influence of surface heterogeneity within MODIS 1km2 grid cells, the presence of undetected clouds and the inherent difference between LST and Tair. Overall, MODIS LST data proved to be a reliable proxy for surface temperature and mostly for studies requiring temperature reconstruction in areas with lack of observational stations.

scholarly journals On Climate Impacts of a Potential Expansion of Urban Land in Europe

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1971-1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Trusilova ◽  
M. Jung ◽  
G. Churkina
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
State University ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Artificial Heat

Abstract Over the last two decades, a disproportional increase of urban land area in comparison with the population growth has been observed in many countries of Europe, and this trend is predicted to continue. The conversion of vegetated land into urban land leads to a higher proportion of impervious surface area, to decline and change of vegetation cover, to artificial heat sources, and therefore to changes in climate. This study focuses on the implications of the expansion of urban land for the European climate at the local and regional scales. Regional climate simulations with the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) coupled to the Town Energy Budget model are used to isolate effects of urban land expansion on temperature and precipitation. The study suggests that the expansion of current urban land by 40% would lead to an enlargement of regions affected by thermal stress by a factor of 2, whereas the intensity of the thermal stress does not change significantly. Precipitation in urban areas would be reduced by 0.2 mm day−1 in summer as a result of disturbances of the water cycle caused by urban surfaces. The area in which precipitation was altered increased nearly linearly with the urban land increment.

scholarly journals TREND ASSESSMENT OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL CHANGE OF TEHRAN HEAT ISLAND USING SATELLITE IMAGES

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-1-W5 ◽  
pp. 657-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Saradjian ◽  
Sh. Sherafati
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Heat Island

Numerous investigations on Urban Heat Island (UHI) show that land cover change is the main factor of increasing Land Surface Temperature (LST) in urban areas, especially conversion of vegetation and bare soil to concrete, asphalt and other man-made structures. On the other hand, other human activities like those which cause to burning fossil fuels, that increase the amount of carbon dioxide, may raise temperature in global scale in comparison with small scales (urban areas). In this study, multiple satellite images with different spatial and temporal resolutions have been used to determine Land Surface Temperature (LST) variability in Tehran metropolitan area. High temporal resolution of AVHRR images have been used as the main data source when investigating temperature variability in the urban area. The analysis shows that UHI appears more significant at afternoon and night hours. But the urban class temperature is almost equal to its surrounding vegetation and bare soil classes at around noon. It also reveals that there is no specific difference in UHI intense during the days throughout the year. However, it can be concluded that in the process of city expansion in years, UHI has been grown both spatially and in magnitude. In order to locate land-cover types and relate them to LST, Thematic Mapper (TM) images have been exploited. The influence of elevation on the LST has also been studied, using digital elevation model derived from SRTM database.

Impact of Urban Land Cover Types on Surface Temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzie Naserikia ◽  
Melissa Hart ◽  
Negin Nazarian
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Land Cover Types ◽  
Cooling Effects

<p>The conversion of natural land to built-up surfaces has been widely documented as the main determinant of warming across urban areas. However, uncertainties remain regarding which primary land cover variables control urban heat in different climatic conditions at a global scale. While there is a very little understanding of how the cooling effects of vegetation cover vary over different cities, there is a deep knowledge gap in realizing how other land covers (such as soil, water, and built-up areas) are associated with urban warming and how this relationship is varied in different background climates. Accordingly, using a high spatial resolution dataset, a global synthetic investigation is needed to find the underlying factors influencing intra-urban temperature variability in various climates. To address this shortcoming, this study focuses on exploring the relationship between land surface temperature and land cover in different cities (using Landsat 8 imagery) and aims to investigate the effects of these land cover types on thermal environments in different climatic backgrounds. Preliminary analysis shows that different land cover types have different roles in different climate classes due to their various surface characteristics and in particular, the performance of green spaces to reduce LST is highly dependent on its background climate. For example, the efficiency of vegetation cover to reduce urban surface warming in temperate and tropical climates is more than that in arid and semi-arid areas. In this climate class, since baren soil is the main contributor to the intensity of LST, increasing the area of a green space presents an effective method to mitigate the adverse effects of local warming. Our findings provide helpful information for future urban climate-sensitive planning oriented at mitigating local climate warming in cities.</p>

Analysis of Land Surface Temperature Status by Land Cover in Urban Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-430
Author(s):  
Geunhan Kim ◽  
Dongbeom Kim ◽  
Yongmyong Song ◽  
Hee-Sun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas
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