scholarly journals 60- to 1-Min Rainfall-Rate Conversion: Comparison of Existing Prediction Methods with Data Obtained in the Southeast Asia Region

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 925-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Mandeep ◽  
S. I. S. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Rainfall Rate ◽  
Data Conversion ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Prediction Methods ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Rate Conversion ◽  
Effective Integration ◽  
Rainfall Attenuation

Abstract Rainfall-rate statistics are frequently derived on the basis of rain gauge recordings with effective integration times of 10 min or longer. The conversion of such data to equivalent statistics for an effective integration time of 1 min is very important to predict rainfall attenuation at a location accurately. Because of the limited availability of 1-min rainfall-rate data, conversion of available rainfall-rate distributions with longer integration times to the desired 1-min distributions is needed. Several methods for converting 60-min rainfall rates to 1-min rainfall rates are tested against measured rainfall rates from tropical, high-rainfall-rate regions. Segal’s method was found to perform the best overall when compared with other conversion methods.

RAINFALL RATE CONVERSION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA COUNTRIES

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1651-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep Singh Jit Singh ◽  
Syed Idris Syed Hassan ◽  
Kenji Tanaka ◽  
Mitsuyoshi Iida
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Rainfall Rate ◽  
Rate Conversion

Assessment of Statistical and Empirical Conversion Methods of Integration Time for Rainfall Rate in Malaysia

2015 ◽  
pp. 1063-1072
Author(s):  
Nuurul Hudaa Mohd Sobli ◽  
Ahmad Fadzil Ismail ◽  
Ani Liza Asnawi ◽  
Mimi Aminah Wan Nordin ◽  
Muhamad Haziq Khairolanuar
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Rate ◽  
Integration Time

scholarly journals Time-dependent <i>Z-R</i> relationships for estimating rainfall fields from radar measurements

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Alfieri ◽  
P. Claps ◽  
F. Laio
Keyword(s):  
Time Estimation ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Rainfall Rate ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Radar Rainfall ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Weather Radars ◽  
The North ◽  
Real Time Estimation ◽  
Power Law Equation

Abstract. The operational use of weather radars has become a widespread and useful tool for estimating rainfall fields. The radar-gauge adjustment is a commonly adopted technique which allows one to reduce bias and dispersion between radar rainfall estimates and the corresponding ground measurements provided by rain gauges. This paper investigates a new methodology for estimating radar-based rainfall fields by recalibrating at each time step the reflectivity-rainfall rate (Z-R) relationship on the basis of ground measurements provided by a rain gauge network. The power-law equation for converting reflectivity measurements into rainfall rates is readjusted at each time step, by calibrating its parameters using hourly Z-R pairs collected in the proximity of the considered time step. Calibration windows with duration between 1 and 24 h are used for estimating the parameters of the Z-R relationship. A case study pertaining to 19 rainfall events occurred in the north-western Italy is considered, in an area located within 25 km from the radar site, with available measurements of rainfall rate at the ground and radar reflectivity aloft. Results obtained with the proposed method are compared to those of three other literature methods. Applications are described for a posteriori evaluation of rainfall fields and for real-time estimation. Results suggest that the use of a calibration window of 2–5 h yields the best performances, with improvements that reach the 28% of the standard error obtained by using the most accurate fixed (climatological) Z-R relationship.

scholarly journals An attempt to detect the 327-Mc/s line of galactic deuterium

1959 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 352-354
Author(s):  
R. L. Adgie
Keyword(s):  
Radio Telescope ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Effective Integration

The previous unsuccessful attempts to detect the 327-Mc/s line of galactic deuterium [1, 2] were limited in sensitivity either by the size of aerial or by the inability to use long integration times with a large fixed aerial. The new observations reported here were made with the 250-foot radio telescope at Jodrell Bank, which can continuously follow a source of radiation; moreover, the effective integration time was improved by using a multi-channel receiver instead of a swept-frequency one.

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