scholarly journals Transporters MCT8 and OATP1C1 maintain murine brain thyroid hormone homeostasis

2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 1987-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Mayerl ◽  
Julia Müller ◽  
Reinhard Bauer ◽  
Sarah Richert ◽  
Celia M. Kassmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Murine Brain ◽  
Hormone Homeostasis

scholarly journals Impact of Gene Cloning, Disruption and Over-Expression of Iodothyronine Deiodinases on Thyroid Hormone Homeostasis

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-411
Author(s):  
Antonio C. Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Physiological Plasticity ◽  
Targeted Disruption ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Phenolic Ring ◽  
Iodothyronine Deiodinases ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Action ◽  
Hormone Homeostasis ◽  
Thyroid Secretion ◽  
Made In

Thyroxine (T4) is the main product of thyroid secretion, a pro-hormone that must be activated by deiodination to T3 in order to initiate thyroid hormone action. This deiodination reaction occurs in the phenolic-ring (outer-ring deiodination, ORD) of the T4 molecule and is catalyzed by two selenocysteine-containing deiodinases, i.e. D1 and D2. As a counter point to the activation pathway, both T4 and T3 can be irreversibly inactivated by deiodination of the thyrosyl-ring (inner-ring deiodination, IRD), a reaction catalyzed by D3, the third member of the selenodeiodinase group. Due to its substantial physiological plasticity, D2 is considered the critical T3-producing deiodinase in humans. Recently, the observations made in the D1-deficient C3H mouse mice were expanded by the development of mice with generalized targeted disruption or cardiac-specific over-expression of the D2 gene. The results obtained indicate that the selenodeiodinases constitute a physiological system contributing with the thyroid hormone homeostasis during adaptation to changes in iodine supply, cold exposure, in patients with thyroid dysfunction and perhaps during starvation and illness.

Antiseizure medications and thyroid hormone homeostasis: Literature review and practical guideline

Epilepsia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Maria Rochtus ◽  
Dorien Herijgers ◽  
Katrien Jansen ◽  
Brigitte Decallonne
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Practical Guideline ◽  
Hormone Homeostasis

scholarly journals Persistent Organic Pollutants and the Association with Thyroid Hormone Homeostasis in Placenta

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 234-235
Author(s):  
Li Z ◽  
Hernandez-Moreno D ◽  
Main K ◽  
Skakkebæk N ◽  
Kiviranta H ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Hormone Homeostasis

scholarly journals The evolutionary and integrative roles of transthyretin in thyroid hormone homeostasis

2002 ◽  
Vol 175 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Darwinian Evolution ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Hormone Homeostasis ◽  
Made In

In larger mammals, thyroid hormone-binding plasma proteins are albumin, transthyretin (TTR) and thyroxine (T4)-binding globulin. They differ characteristically in affinities and release rates for T4 and triiodothyronine (T3). Together, they form a 'buffering' system counteracting thyroid hormone permeation from aqueous to lipid phases. Evolution led to important differences in the expression pattern of these three proteins in tissues. In adult liver, TTR is only made in eutherians and herbivorous marsupials. During development, it is also made in tadpole and fish liver. More intense TTR synthesis than in liver is found in the choroid plexus of reptilians, birds and mammals, but none in the choroid plexus of amphibians and fish, i.e. species without a neocortex. All brain-made TTR is secreted into the cerebrospinal fluid, where it becomes the major thyroid hormone-binding protein. During ontogeny, the maximum TTR synthesis in the choroid plexus precedes that of the growth rate of the brain and occurs during the period of maximum neuroblast replication. TTR is only one component in a network of factors determining thyroid hormone distribution. This explains why, under laboratory conditions, TTR-knockout mice show no major abnormalities. The ratio of TTR affinity for T4 over affinity for T3 is higher in eutherians than in reptiles and birds. This favors T4 transport from blood to brain providing more substrate for conversion of the biologically less active T4 into the biologically more active T3 by the tissue-specific brain deiodinases. The change in affinity of TTR during evolution involves a shortening and an increase in the hydrophilicity of the N-terminal regions of the TTR subunits. The molecular mechanism for this change is a stepwise shift of the splice site at the intron 1/exon 2 border of the TTR gene. The shift probably results from a sequence of single base mutations. Thus, TTR evolution provides an example for a molecular mechanism of positive Darwinian evolution. The amino acid sequences of fish and amphibian TTRs are very similar to those in mammals, suggesting that substantial TTR evolution occurred before the vertebrate stage. Open reading frames for TTR-like sequences already exist in Caenorhabditis elegans, yeast and Escherichia coli genomes.

scholarly journals Effect of thiocyanate ingestion through milk on thyroid hormone homeostasis in women

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishore K. Banerjee ◽  
P. Marimuthu ◽  
Piyali Bhattacharyya ◽  
Malay Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Serum Thiocyanate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hormone Homeostasis ◽  
Hormonal Evaluation ◽  
Thiocyanate Concentration

A thyroid-hormonal evaluation of thirty-five women consuming commercially packed milk containing thiocyanate was carried out. The mean serum thiocyanate concentration, which was measured by the FeCl3colour test, was significantly higher (P< 0.01) than that of control subjects. Serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations of exposed women were compared with those of thirty-five control subjects. Thiocyanate ingestion was associated with lower levels of T4(P<0.01) and higher levels of TSH (P< 0.01) compared with the control subjects. T3was found to be higher in the women consuming thiocyanate-containing milk but the difference was not significant. The serum T4level was found to be negatively correlated (r−0.359,P<0.05) while the TSH level was positively correlated (r0.354,P< 0.05) with thiocyanate concentration in the exposed group. From this study, it appears that ingestion of milk with added thiocyanate impairs thyroid function.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and thyroid hormone homeostasis in a New England cohort

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 5180
Author(s):  
Colleen Makey ◽  
Michael McClean ◽  
Lewis Braverman ◽  
Elizabeth Pearce ◽  
Janice Weinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
New England ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Hormone Homeostasis

scholarly journals Moderate Weight Loss Is Sufficient to Affect Thyroid Hormone Homeostasis and Inhibit Its Peripheral Conversion

Thyroid ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritesh V. Agnihothri ◽  
Amber B. Courville ◽  
Joyce D. Linderman ◽  
Sheila Smith ◽  
Robert Brychta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Homeostasis ◽  
Peripheral Conversion
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