scholarly journals Increasing dietary cholesterol induces different regulation of classic and alternative bile acid synthesis

1999 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guorong Xu ◽  
Gerald Salen ◽  
Sarah Shefer ◽  
G. Stephen Tint ◽  
Lien B. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Synthesis

Relation between dietary cholesterol and bile acid excretion in the rat

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean D. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Bile Acid Synthesis ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Cholesterol Feeding ◽  
Bile Acid Excretion

The influence of dietary cholesterol on fecal excretion of bile acids has been studied in rats fed isocaloric quantities of purified diets that varied only in cholesterol content. Addition of dietary cholesterol clearly resulted in an increase in excretion of total bile acids, as well as in conversion of cholesterol-4-C14 to bile acid-C14. An acceleration in bile acid excretion as a result of cholesterol feeding was demonstrated to be independent of dietary cholic acid and to occur despite suppression of the bowel flora. These results suggest that not only does absorbed dietary cholesterol play a role in determining the rate of bile acid formation but that the adaptation of bile acid synthesis to cholesterol feeding may in part be a determining factor in the varying response of different species to cholesterol feeding.

scholarly journals Dietary cholesterol supplementation to a plant-based diet suppresses the complete pathway of cholesterol synthesis and induces bile acid production in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (12) ◽  
pp. 2089-2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trond M. Kortner ◽  
Ingemar Björkhem ◽  
Aleksei Krasnov ◽  
Gerrit Timmerhaus ◽  
Åshild Krogdahl
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Synthesis ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Sterol Metabolism ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Cholesterol Supplementation

Plants now supply more than 50 % of protein in Norwegian salmon aquafeeds. The inclusion of plant protein in aquafeeds may be associated with decreased lipid digestibility and cholesterol and bile salt levels, indicating that the replacement of fishmeal with plant protein could result in inadequate supplies of cholesterol in fish. A reduction in feed efficiency, fish growth and pathogen resistance is often observed in parallel to alterations in sterol metabolism. Previous studies have indicated that the negative effects induced by plant components can be attenuated when diets are supplemented with cholesterol. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary cholesterol supplementation (1·5 %) in Atlantic salmon fed a plant-based diet for 77 d. The weights of body, intestines and liver were recorded and blood, tissues, faeces, chyme and bile were sampled for the evaluation of effects on growth, nutrient utilisation and metabolism, and transcriptome and metabolite levels, with particular emphasis on sterol metabolism and organ structure and function. Cholesterol supplementation did not affect the growth or organ weights of Atlantic salmon, but seemed to promote the induction of cholesterol and plant sterol efflux in the intestine while suppressing sterol uptake. Cholesterol biosynthesis decreased correspondingly and conversion into bile acids increased. The marked effect of cholesterol supplementation on bile acid synthesis suggests that dietary cholesterol can be used to increase bile acid synthesis in fish. The present study clearly demonstrated how Atlantic salmon adjusted their metabolic functions in response to the dietary load of cholesterol. It has also expanded our understanding of sterol metabolism and turnover, adding to the existing, rather sparse, knowledge of these processes in fish.

Changes in Cholesterol Metabolism with Dietary Cholesterol in Children with Familial Hypercholesterolaemia

1979 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian M. Martin ◽  
P. Nestel
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolaemia ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Synthesis ◽  
Healthy Children

1. Possible defects in cholesterol metabolism were sought in children with familial hypercholesterolaemia. 2. In nine affected children (eight heterozygotes and one homozygote) and in five healthy children, cholesterol synthesis and bile acid synthesis were determined from the excretion of steroids in the faeces during a low cholesterol diet. Cholesterol synthesis of 10·1 ± 4·4 mg day−1 kg−1 in the hypercholesterolaemic children was similar to that in these and other normal children. Mean bile acid synthesis of 4·0 ± 2·1 mg day−1 kg−1 also resembled normal values though three severely affected heterozygotes excreted substantially less. 3. The response to 4 weeks' additional 450 mg of dietary cholesterol/day led to variable changes in the plasma cholesterol and in the sterol balance. On average the affected children showed a rise in plasma cholesterol which resembled that in healthy subjects. The sterol balance fell in most, suggesting a reduction in cholesterol synthesis, which is the normal response to dietary cholesterol. 4. The response to dietary cholesterol was therefore at least qualitatively similar in the hypercholesterolaemic children to that reported in healthy subjects.

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