scholarly journals Growth hormone resurrects adult human thymus during HIV-1 infection

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiki Tesselaar ◽  
Frank Miedema
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Human Thymus ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals VEGF Gene Expression in Adult Human Thymus Fat: A Correlative Study with Hypoxic Induced Factor and Cyclooxigenase-2

PLoS ONE ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. e8213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Tinahones ◽  
Julian Salas ◽  
María Dolores Mayas ◽  
Adrian Ruiz-Villalba ◽  
Manuel Macias-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vegf Gene ◽  
Correlative Study ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Human Thymus

scholarly journals Effect of recombinant human growth hormone on acute and chronic human immunodeficiency virus infection in vitro

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-472
Author(s):  
J Laurence ◽  
B Grimison ◽  
A Gonenne
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Recombinant Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

Growth hormone (somatotropin) is a potent anabolic protein currently being evaluated clinically in cachexia associated with malignancy and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Growth hormone can also lead to enhancement of lectin-mediated cellular proliferation, macrophage activation, and cytokine induction, events linked to induction of latent HIV in vitro. We thus explored the ability of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) to affect viral replication in acute and chronic HIV infection, and to alter transcription at the HIV- 1 long terminal repeat (LTR). A clone of promonocytic cells, chronically infected with HIV-1 and susceptible to viral induction by a variety of cytokines and protein kinase C activators, was unperturbed by rhGH used over broad concentrations (10 to 500 ng/mL) and time intervals. This unresponsiveness paralleled the lack of effect of rhGH on HIV-associated trans-activation in both monocytic and CD4+ T-cell lines. In contrast, rhGH enhanced viral replication in acutely infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by twofold to 20-fold, albeit having no adverse effect on the antiviral efficacy of zidovudine (AZT). Augmentation of HIV growth correlated with stimulation of cellular DNA synthetic responses and an increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- alpha) secretion. These data are discussed in the context of ongoing clinical trials of rhGH in HIV-seropositive individuals with wasting syndromes.

scholarly journals Effect of recombinant human growth hormone on acute and chronic human immunodeficiency virus infection in vitro

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Laurence ◽  
B Grimison ◽  
A Gonenne
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Recombinant Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Growth hormone (somatotropin) is a potent anabolic protein currently being evaluated clinically in cachexia associated with malignancy and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Growth hormone can also lead to enhancement of lectin-mediated cellular proliferation, macrophage activation, and cytokine induction, events linked to induction of latent HIV in vitro. We thus explored the ability of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) to affect viral replication in acute and chronic HIV infection, and to alter transcription at the HIV- 1 long terminal repeat (LTR). A clone of promonocytic cells, chronically infected with HIV-1 and susceptible to viral induction by a variety of cytokines and protein kinase C activators, was unperturbed by rhGH used over broad concentrations (10 to 500 ng/mL) and time intervals. This unresponsiveness paralleled the lack of effect of rhGH on HIV-associated trans-activation in both monocytic and CD4+ T-cell lines. In contrast, rhGH enhanced viral replication in acutely infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by twofold to 20-fold, albeit having no adverse effect on the antiviral efficacy of zidovudine (AZT). Augmentation of HIV growth correlated with stimulation of cellular DNA synthetic responses and an increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- alpha) secretion. These data are discussed in the context of ongoing clinical trials of rhGH in HIV-seropositive individuals with wasting syndromes.

scholarly journals Thymic HIV-2 Infection Uncovers Posttranscriptional Control of Viral Replication in Human Thymocytes

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 2201-2208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Nunes-Cabaço ◽  
Paula Matoso ◽  
Russell B. Foxall ◽  
Rita Tendeiro ◽  
Ana R. Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Replication Cycle ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Thymic Tissue ◽  
Cell Production ◽  
Human Thymus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACTA unique HIV-host equilibrium exists in untreated HIV-2-infected individuals. This equilibrium is characterized by low to undetectable levels of viremia throughout the disease course, despite the establishment of disseminated HIV-2 reservoirs at levels comparable to those observed in untreated HIV-1 infection. Although the clinical spectrum is similar in the two infections, HIV-2 infection is associated with a much lower rate of CD4 T-cell decline and has a limited impact on the mortality of infected adults. Here we investigated HIV-2 infection of the human thymus, the primary organ for T-cell production. Human thymic tissue and suspensions of total or purified CD4 single-positive thymocytes were infected with HIV-2 or HIV-1 primary isolates using either CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptors. We found that HIV-2 infected both thymic organ cultures and thymocyte suspensions, as attested to by the total HIV DNA and cell-associated viral mRNA levels. Nevertheless, thymocytes featured reduced levels of intracellular Gag viral protein, irrespective of HIV-2 coreceptor tropism and cell differentiation stage, in agreement with the low viral load in culture supernatants. Our data show that HIV-2 is able to infect the human thymus, but the HIV-2 replication cycle in thymocytes is impaired, providing a new model to identify therapeutic targets for viral replication control.IMPORTANCEHIV-1 infects the thymus, leading to a decrease in CD4 T-cell production that contributes to the characteristic CD4 T-cell loss. HIV-2 infection is associated with a very low rate of progression to AIDS and is therefore considered a unique naturally occurring model of attenuated HIV disease. HIV-2-infected individuals feature low to undetectable plasma viral loads, in spite of the numbers of circulating infected T cells being similar to those found in patients infected with HIV-1. We assessed, for the first time, the direct impact of HIV-2 infection on the human thymus. We show that HIV-2 is able to infect the thymus but that the HIV-2 replication cycle in thymocytes is impaired. We propose that this system will be important to devise immunotherapies that target viral production, aiding the design of future therapeutic strategies for HIV control.

scholarly journals Low-dose growth hormone for 40 weeks induces HIV-1-specific T cell responses in patients on effective combination anti-retroviral therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 173 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Herasimtschuk ◽  
B. R. Hansen ◽  
A. Langkilde ◽  
G. J. Moyle ◽  
O. Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Factors Contributing to HIV-1 Induced Pathogenesis in the Human Thymus

10.5772/21588 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Blom ◽  
Marta Epeldegui ◽  
Christel H.
Keyword(s):  
Human Thymus ◽  
Hiv 1
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