scholarly journals Insulin sensitivity index, acute insulin response, and glucose effectiveness in a population-based sample of 380 young healthy Caucasians. Analysis of the impact of gender, body fat, physical fitness, and life-style factors.

1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1195-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
J O Clausen ◽  
K Borch-Johnsen ◽  
H Ibsen ◽  
R N Bergman ◽  
P Hougaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Acute Insulin Response ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽  
Glucose Effectiveness ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Mitochondrial mutation m.3243A>G associates with insulin resistance in non-diabetic carriers

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 829-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Høgild Langdahl ◽  
Anja Lisbeth Frederiksen ◽  
John Vissing ◽  
Morten Frost ◽  
Knud Bonnet Yderstræde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Acute Insulin Response ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽  
Mitochondrial Mutation ◽  
Mutation Carriers

Aim This case–control study aimed to examine impairments in glucose metabolism in non-diabetic carriers of the mitochondrial mutation m.3243A>G by evaluating insulin secretion capacity and sensitivity. Methods Glucose metabolism was investigated in 23 non-diabetic m.3243A>G carriers and age-, sex- and BMI-matched healthy controls with an extended 4-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Insulin sensitivity index and acute insulin response were estimated on the basis of the OGTT. This was accompanied by examination of body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), maximum aerobic capacity and a Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire (RPAQ). Results Fasting p-glucose, s-insulin and s-c-peptide levels did not differ between m.3243A>G carriers and controls. Insulin sensitivity index (BIGTT-S1) was significantly lower in the m.3243A>G carriers, but there was no difference in the acute insulin response between groups. P-lactate levels were higher in carriers throughout the OGTT. VO2max, but not BMI, waist and hip circumferences, lean and fat body mass%, MET or grip strength, was lower in mutation carriers. BIGTT-S1 remained lower in mutation carriers after adjustment for multiple confounding factors including VO2max in regression analyses. Conclusions Glucose metabolism in m.3243A>G carriers was characterized by reduced insulin sensitivity, which could represent the earliest phase in the pathogenesis of m.3243A>G-associated diabetes.

scholarly journals Analysis of the relationship between fasting serum leptin levels and estimates of beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in a population sample of 380 healthy young Caucasians

1999 ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Echwald ◽  
JO Clausen ◽  
T Hansen ◽  
SA Urhammer ◽  
L Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: Circulating leptin levels correlate positively with the degree of obesity and prolonged hyperinsulinaemia increases serum leptin levels. Moreover, insulin secreting beta-cells express functional leptin receptors indicating a functional relationship between leptin and insulin. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between fasting serum leptin levels and measures of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in a population-based sample of 380 young healthy Caucasians. DESIGN AND METHODS: Multiple regression analysis was employed to analyse the relationship between fasting serum leptin levels and levels of fasting serum insulin, insulin sensitivity index and acute insulin response (AIR) in a population-based study of 380 young healthy Caucasians who underwent a combined intravenous glucose and tolbutamide tolerance test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Serum leptin levels were positively correlated to measures of adiposity and were 3.2 times higher in women than in men (P<0.00001). In multiple regression analyses adjusting for age, percentage body fat, waist circumference and maximal aerobic capacity, a significant positive correlation was observed between the fasting serum leptin concentrations and both fasting serum insulin levels (P<0.0001) and AIR (P = 0.014) for women. No significant interrelation of these variables was found in men. However, for both genders a significant negative correlation was observed between fasting serum leptin levels and measures of insulin sensitivity index (P = 0.007).

scholarly journals Effects of niacin supplementation on the insulin resistance in Holstein cows during early lactation

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talija Hristovska ◽  
Marko R. Cincović ◽  
Branislava Belić ◽  
Dragica Stojanović ◽  
Milanka Jezdimirović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽  
The Difference

Insulin resistance in early lactation includes low glucose concentration, low insulin release and responsiveness and high lipolysis. Niacin is important antilipolytic agent and leads to increase glucose and insulin concentration. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of niacin on the insulin resistance in cows during early lactation using the difference of value and regression analysis between blood non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), glucose and insulin concentrations, revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and glucose-to-insulin ratio. Niacin supplementation led to a decrease of NEFA concentration and an increase of glucose and insulin concentrations during the first three weeks after calving. Cows in the niacin group which were more resistant to insulin showed higher concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid in comparison with more sensitive cows from the same group, but still lower than the control. The regression analyses suggest the following characteristics of cows supplemented with niacin in comparison with the control group: the insulin response to glucose was more intense; the antilipolytic effect of insulin was lower; insulin efficiency expressed as glucose-to-insulin ratio increase with a decrease in NEFA. The metabolic changes due to niacin supplementation showed a dual influence on the insulin resistance in dairy cows during early lactation: decreased NEFA concentrations led to a decrease in the insulin resistance (due to an increase in insulin efficiency and insulin sensitivity index), but increased concentrations of insulin and glucose possibly caused an increase in the insulin resistance in dairy cows (due to lower insulin sensitivity index and possibly lower antilipolytic effects of insulin).

Effect of reduced training and training cessation on insulin action and muscle GLUT-4

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 1162-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Houmard ◽  
G. L. Tyndall ◽  
J. B. Midyette ◽  
M. S. Hickey ◽  
P. L. Dolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Training Frequency ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the impact of a 50% reduction in training frequency or training cessation on insulin action and muscle GLUT-4 protein concentration. Middle-aged individuals were tested before and after 12 wk of exercise training (4 days/wk, 40-45 min/day). Subjects then either maintained training (n = 9), reduced training frequency by 50% (n = 11), or stopped exercising (n = 10) for the ensuing 2 wk. GLUT-4 protein concentration and insulin action (insulin sensitivity index, as determined by the minimal model) increased (P < or = 0.05) by an average of 1.6- and 1.9-fold, respectively, with the 12 wk of training. Insulin action and GLUT-4 did not increase further with the additional 2 wk of training in the maintained training group. Similarly, insulin sensitivity index and GLUT-4 concentration remained at trained levels when training frequency was reduced by 50% for 2 wk. GLUT-4 concentration and insulin action, however, were not different from sedentary values after 14 days of training cessation. These findings indicate that a 14-day 50% reduction in exercise frequency maintains the improvements in GLUT-4 protein concentration and insulin action gained with endurance training in moderately trained middle-aged adults; in contrast, these adaptations are largely lost with training cessation.

scholarly journals Association of leptin receptor polymorphism with insulin resistance

2004 ◽  
pp. 725-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Chiu ◽  
A Chu ◽  
LM Chuang ◽  
MF Saad
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lepr Gene ◽  
Glucose Clearance ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: Although the role of the leptin receptor (LEPR) in obesity is well recognized, its role in insulin sensitivity remains unknown. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study to investigate the impact of the Q223R polymorphism of the LEPR gene on insulin sensitivity. METHODS: Sixty-seven glucose-tolerant Caucasians were enrolled. The insulin sensitivity index and glucose clearance were measured using a hyperglycemic clamp. Genomic DNA was extracted for genotyping. RESULTS: We identified 20 QQ, 31 QR, and 16 RR subjects. The three genotypic groups were similar in age, gender distribution, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, and blood pressure, but differed in the insulin sensitivity index (P=0.0180) and in glucose clearance (P=0.0220). Multivariate analyses showed that the Q223R polymorphism was independently associated with the insulin sensitivity index (P=0.0317) and glucose clearance (P=0.0436). A trend of increasing low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was also observed (P=0.0447). CONCLUSION: We have reported the first association of the Q223R polymorphism of the LEPR gene with insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Two-year treatment with metformin during puberty does not preserve β-cell function in youth with obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M Kelsey ◽  
Allison Hilkin ◽  
Pyle Laura ◽  
Severn Cameron ◽  
Kristina Utzschneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Metformin Treatment ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context Youth-onset type 2 diabetes is a disease of pubertal onset, associated with additional burden of pubertal insulin resistance on the β-cell. Objective Evaluate the impact of metformin treatment during puberty, a critical window of cardiometabolic change, on insulin sensitivity (Si) and compensatory β-cell response in youth with obesity. Setting Pediatric academic hospital clinical translational research center. Participants Healthy youth in early puberty (Tanner stage 2-3, T2-3) with normoglycemia and obesity (n=44) Intervention Double-blinded placebo-control trial of metformin during puberty (until Tanner stage 5 (T5)). Main Outcome Measures Si, insulin response (acute insulin response to glucose, AIRg), and disposition index (DI), estimated from frequently-sampled intravenous glucose tolerance testing, body fat (dual x-ray absorptiometry), other laboratory parameters; collected at baseline, T4 and T5. Placebo-subtracted treatment effect was calculated using linear mixed models. Results At T5, metformin treatment, adjusting for sex, race and baseline value, was associated with improved BMIz (-0.44±0.16, p=0.02), %body fat (-3.4±1.2%, p=0.06) and waist circumference (-11.3±3.2 cm, p=0.003). There were no significant treatment effects at T5 on insulin sensitivity or secretion: Si (0.85±0.87x10 -4/min -1/μIU/mL, p=0.34), AIRg (-259±386 μIU/mL, p=0.51), or DI (508±802 x10 -4/min -1, p=0.53). High baseline DI predicted longitudinal decline in DI. Conclusions Two years of metformin treatment in obese youth during puberty improved BMI and body fat, but not Si or β-cell function. Of note, high DI in early puberty may be predictive of later decline in DI. Further studies are needed to develop strategies for preservation of β-cell function in youth at risk for T2D.

Population-based modeling to demonstrate extrapancreatic effects of tolbutamide

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (4) ◽  
pp. E758-E771 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rostami-Hodjegan ◽  
S. R. Peacey ◽  
E. George ◽  
S. R. Heller ◽  
G. T. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Effectiveness ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Extrapancreatic Effects

Tolbutamide is used increasingly as an investigative tool in in vivo studies of the physiology of glucose tolerance. Its hypoglycemic effect in nondiabetic subjects is widely variable, reflecting possible variability in its pharmacokinetics, an insulinergic response, an extrapancreatic effect of the drug, or the hypoglycemic effect of insulin itself. Using population-based modeling, we have investigated the kinetics and dynamics of tolbutamide and assessed covariates in two groups of healthy subjects. The results indicate a high variability in insulinergic effect, measured by the area under of the curve of insulin (0–60 min), in response to tolbutamide injection (coefficient of variation = 29–96%). However, it appears that impaired insulin sensitivity is compensated by higher insulin secretion in response to tolbutamide. Thus the hypoglycemic effect of high insulin secretion is minimal in insulin-resistant subjects. Application of the model indicated that tolbutamide has appreciable extrapancreatic effects mediated by prolongation of the residence time of insulin in a remote effect and by enhancement of glucose effectiveness. An effect in increasing the insulin sensitivity index is also possible but could not be confirmed statistically for all groups of subjects studied. These observations may explain inconsistencies between the results of tolbutamide and insulin injection in the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and call for further study of insulin- vs. tolbutamide-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests in the assessment of the insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness indexes.

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