scholarly journals ARTERIAL BLOOD FLOW PATTERNS IN HUMAN SUBJECTS AND THEIR EFFECT ON INDICATOR DILUTION CURVES FROM VARIOUS ARTERIAL SITES*

1960 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1413-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon L. Lange ◽  
Carlisle Smith ◽  
Hans H. Hecht
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Indicator Dilution ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Flow Patterns ◽  
Dilution Curves

Analysis of the Arterial Blood Flow Patterns of Normal and Allografted Kidneys by the Directional Ultrasonic Doppler Technique

1979 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Arima ◽  
Michio Ishibashi ◽  
Michiyuki Usami ◽  
Shiro Sagawa ◽  
Shutaro Mizutani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Doppler Technique ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Flow Patterns

Spiral Laminar Flow in Vivo

1996 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Stonebridge ◽  
P. R. Hoskins ◽  
P.L. Allan ◽  
J. F. F. Belch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Flow Patterns

1. Blood flow patterns are poorly understood despite their impact on arterial disease. There have been few measurements in vivo of the three-dimensional blood flow patterns; we present the results of such studies using a new non-invasive in-vivo method of examining biplanar arterial blood flow patterns. 2. Multiple colour Doppler ultrasound directional velocity images were obtained at two different beam target angles from the artery in the plane perpendicular to its axis. Ensemble average images were constructed; the absolute velocity and direction were calculated by compounding the left and right averaged images. Simple directional, non-directional velocity and vector maps were constructed. 3. Flow patterns were sampled in 11 healthy male volunteers at four points of the pulse cycle; peak systole, systolic downswing, diastolic reverse flow and diastolic forward flow and at three sites; the right common and distal superficial femoral and the left common femoral arteries. 4. Stable rotational flow was observed in all subjects, the direction of rotation varying between sides and individuals. 5. There are theoretical advantages to spiral laminar blood flow; the forward-directed, rotationally induced stability and reduction of laterally directed forces may reduce turbulence in the tapering branching arterial tree and at stenoses and have a beneficial effect on mechanisms of endothelial damage and repair.

Component of muscle spindle discharge related to arterial pulse

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 788-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. McKeon ◽  
D. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Spindle ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Pulse ◽  
Muscle Spindle Afferents ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Doppler Flowmeter

1. In human subjects microelectrode recordings were made from 25 muscle spindle afferents from the pretibial muscles. 2. The spike discharges of three endings were locked in time to the arterial pulse. With 17 of the remaining endings, there was a significant pulse-related modulation of discharge rate. For these 20 endings the latency to the onset of the pulse-related influence was 200-310 ms. 3. The time course of the modulation of discharge rate was similar to that of arterial blood flow, as estimated using a Doppler flowmeter. With four endings occlusion of blood flow using a sphygmomanometer cuff reduced any modulation. 4. For five endings the contribution by the arterial modulation to the variance of discharge of the ending was 3-54%. For the population of endings there was no significant relationship between the depth of modulation and coefficient of variation. 5. It is concluded that the arterial pulse can be significant contributor to the variability of muscle spindle discharge. The pulsatile effects seen in the responses of single afferents are unlikely to be eliminated in the summed activity forming the population response. This could constitute a limitation of the information capacity of the population of muscle spindle afferents.

scholarly journals Stem Cell Therapy for Microvascular Injury Associated with Ischemic Nephropathy

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Textor ◽  
Abdu Abumoawad ◽  
Ahmed Saad ◽  
Christopher Ferguson ◽  
Allan Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Tissue Hypoxia ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Microvascular Injury ◽  
Ischemic Nephropathy ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Atherosclerotic Occlusive Disease

Ischemic nephropathy reflects progressive loss of kidney function due to large vessel atherosclerotic occlusive disease. Recent studies indicate that this process is characterized by microvascular rarefaction, increased tissue hypoxia and activation of inflammatory processes of tissue injury. This review summarizes the rationale and application of functional MR imaging to evaluate tissue oxygenation in human subjects that defines the limits of renal adaptation to reduction in blood flow, development of increasingly severe tissue hypoxia and recruitment of inflammatory injury pathways in ischemic nephropathy. Human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) are capable of modifying angiogenic pathways and immune responses, but the potency of these effects vary between individuals and various clinical characteristics including age and chronic kidney disease and levels of hypoxia. We summarize recently completed first-in-human studies applying intrarenal infusion of autologous adipose-derived MSC in human subjects with ischemic nephropathy that demonstrate a rise in blood flow and reduction in tissue hypoxia consistent with partial repair of microvascular injury, even without restoring main renal arterial blood flow. Inflammatory biomarkers in the renal vein of post-stenotic kidneys fell after MSC infusion. These changes were associated with modest but significant dose-related increments in kidney function. These data provide support a role for autologous MSC in repair of microvascular injury associated with tissue hypoxia.

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