Revealing How Color Vision Phenotype and Genotype Manifest in Individual Cone Cells

Furu Zhang; Kazuhiro Kurokawa; Marcel T. Bernucci; Hae Won Jung; Ayoub Lassoued; James A. Crowell; Jay Neitz; Maureen Neitz; Donald T. Miller

doi:10.1167/iovs.62.2.8

Revealing How Color Vision Phenotype and Genotype Manifest in Individual Cone Cells

Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science ◽

10.1167/iovs.62.2.8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Furu Zhang ◽

Kazuhiro Kurokawa ◽

Marcel T. Bernucci ◽

Hae Won Jung ◽

Ayoub Lassoued ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Color Vision ◽

Cone Cells

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Dyschromatopsy, Achromatopsia and Blue Cone Monochromatism; Pathophysiology, Clinical Findings, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Güncel Retina Dergisi (Current Retina Journal) ◽

10.37783/crj-0255 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 159-164

Keyword(s):

Color Vision ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Electrophysiological Tests ◽

Cone Cells ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Vision Defects ◽

Color Vision Deficiencies ◽

The Brain

Color vision is a complex perception caused by the stimulation of cone photoreceptors in the retina and the perception of this stimulation in the brain. Hereditary color vision deficiencies are caused by a defect in the functions of cone cells. Color vision deficiencies are named according to three different types of pigments contained in cones. These disorders, which are seen in high prevalence worldwide, are found more frequently in males. Contrary to thought, colored vision defects often affect daily life. Although it can be easily diagnosed with color vision tests and electrophysiological tests, current treatment options are limited and its success rate is low.

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Prevalence of the pit and antipit in the genus Glycine

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100129218 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 986-987

Author(s):

R. W. Yaklich ◽

E. L. Vigil ◽

W. P. Wergin

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Cell Types ◽

Abaxial Surface ◽

Legume Seed ◽

Initial Report ◽

Cone Cells ◽

Glycine Max L

The legume seed coat is the site of sucrose unloading and the metabolism of imported ureides and synthesis of amino acids for the developing embryo. The cell types directly responsible for these functions in the seed coat are not known. We recently described a convex layer of tissue on the inside surface of the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) seed coat that was termed “antipit” because it was in direct opposition to the concave pit on the abaxial surface of the cotyledon. Cone cells of the antipit contained numerous hypertrophied Golgi apparatus and laminated rough endoplasmic reticulum common to actively secreting cells. The initial report by Dzikowski (1936) described the morphology of the pit and antipit in G. max and found these structures in only 68 of the 169 seed accessions examined.

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Spindle shaped bodies in foveolar cones of the baboon retina

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010015678x ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 960-961

Author(s):

W. Krebs ◽

I. Krebs

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Inclusion Bodies ◽

Photoreceptor Cells ◽

Papio Anubis ◽

Retinal Photoreceptor ◽

Age Related ◽

Cone Cells ◽

Membrane Bound ◽

Oriented Parallel ◽

Shaped Inclusion

Various inclusion bodies occur in vertebrate retinal photoreceptor cells. Most of them are membrane bound and associated with phagocytosis or they are age related residual bodies. We found an additional inclusion body in foveal cone cells of the baboon (Papio anubis) retina.The eyes of a 15 year old baboon were fixed by immersion in cacodylate buffered glutaraldehyde (2%)/formaldehyde (2%) as described in detail elsewhere . Pieces of retina from various locations, including the fovea, were embedded in epoxy resin such that radial or tangential sections could be cut.Spindle shaped inclusion bodies were found in the cytoplasm of only foveal cones. They were abundant in the inner segments, close to the external limiting membrane (Fig. 1). But they also occurred in the outer fibers, the perikarya, and the inner fibers (Henle’s fibers) of the cone cells. The bodies were between 0.5 and 2 μm long. Their central diameter was 0.2 to 0. 3 μm. They always were oriented parallel to the long axis of the cone cells. In longitudinal sections (Figs. 2,3) they seemed to have a fibrous skeleton that, in cross sections, turned out to consist of plate-like (Fig.4) and tubular profiles (Fig. 5).

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