scholarly journals Short-Term Exposure to Blue Light Shows an Inhibitory Effect on Axial Elongation in Human Eyes Independent of Defocus

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (15) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Swapnil Thakur ◽  
Rohit Dhakal ◽  
Pavan K. Verkicharla
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Axial Elongation ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Human Eyes

The Effect of High Concentrations of Ethylene on Seed Germination of Douglas Fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco)

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey Borno ◽  
Iain E. P. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
High Concentrations

Stratified, imbibed Douglas fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seeds were exposed to 100% ethylene for times between 0 and 366 h. Germination rate and germination percentage were increased by treatments up to 48 h. The 12-h treatment gave largest stimulation; 30% enhancement of final germination percentage over control. Treatment for 96 h caused increased germination rate for the first 5 days but reduced the germination percentage. Germinants were subject to continuous exposure to atmospheres containing 0.1 – 200 000 ppm ethylene in air, but it did not stimulate growth, and the gas was inhibitory above 100 ppm. Although some effects of high concentrations of ethylene may have been due to the lowering of oxygen supplies, this alone was insufficient to account for the full inhibitory effect. The mechanism of stimulation by short-term exposure to ethylene is discussed.

scholarly journals Short-term exposure to blue light emitted by electronic devices does not worsen melasma

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 913-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Duteil ◽  
Catherine Queille-Roussel ◽  
Jean-Philippe Lacour ◽  
Henri Montaudié ◽  
Thierry Passeron
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

scholarly journals Effect of short-term exposure to red and blue light on dill plants growth

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 4.) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Frąszczak
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Effect of the end-of-day and the end-of-night red and blue light in dill growth was investigated. Ambrozja dill (Anethum graveolens L.) cvs were grown in vegetation chambers in completely controlled conditions exposed to white diode light. Red and blue light was employed for 30 min before the initiation or after the end of the lighting period. The values of plant fresh mass, area and height parameters were the highest for plants treated with red light at the end of night. The application of red light at the end of day exerted a similar effect on plants as the exposure of plants to blue light at the end of night. Plants treated with blue light at the end of the lighting period were characterised by the poorest growth rate. Plants additionally lighted with blue light were found to have both distinctly smaller mass as well as area in comparison with plants exposed to red light. Both methods are useful to control the plants growth depending on the phase of plant development and growers’ requirements.

scholarly journals Hemin attenuates response of primary rat adipocytes to adrenergic stimulation

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12092
Author(s):  
Tomasz Szkudelski ◽  
Karina Frąckowiak ◽  
Katarzyna Szkudelska
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Lactate Release ◽  
Rat Adipocytes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Hemin is an activator of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme catalyzing heme degradation. Up-regulation of HO-1 is observed in response to various pathological conditions. Moreover, pharmacological activation of HO-1 is associated with numerous beneficial effects in the organism. Hemin was shown to exert, among other, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties. These effects are strongly linked with adipose tissue. However, the direct influence of hemin on metabolism of the fat cells have not been explored. The present study aimed to determine the short-term effects of hemin on metabolism of the primary rat adipocytes. We focused on processes directly related to lipid accumulation, such as lipogenesis and lipolysis. For this purpose, the isolated cells were subjected for 2 h to 40 µM hemin, and effects of this compound on insulin-stimulated glucose conversion to lipids, lactate release, lipolysis induced by various stimuli, and also on the antilipolytic action of insulin were determined. It was shown that hemin did not affect insulin-induced lipogenesis and lactate release. However, hemin significantly decreased lipolysis stimulated by epinephrine. The inhibitory effect of hemin on epinephrine-induced lipolysis was not abolished in the presence of SnMP, an inhibitor of HO-1, which suggests hemin action irrespective of this enzyme. Similar inhibitory effects on epinephrine-induced lipolysis were observed in the presence of 3 and 12 mM glucose. Moreover, hemin was shown to reduce epinephrine-induced lipolysis also when glucose was replaced by alanine or by succinate. Apart from changes in epinephrine action, it was found that the lipolytic response of the adipocytes to isoproterenol was also diminished by hemin. However, hemin failed to affect lipolysis stimulated by dibutyryl-cAMP (a direct activator of protein kinase A), forskolin (an activator of adenylate cyclase), and also by DPCPX (an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist). Additionally, epinephrine-induced lipolysis was shown to be decreased by insulin, and this effect was deepened in the presence of hemin. These results indicate that short-term exposure of the adipocytes to hemin does not affect processes related to glucose metabolism, such as lipogenesis and lactate release. However, hemin was found to decrease the lipolytic response to adrenergic stimulation, which is associated with reduced lipid release from adipocytes. Moreover, our results indicate that hemin is also capable of diminishing the exaggerated lipolysis, which occurs in the presence of supraphysiological concentrations of glucose.

The Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on In Vitro Platelet Function

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Schiffer ◽  
Caroline L. Whitaker ◽  
Morton Schmukler ◽  
Joseph Aisner ◽  
Steven L. Hilbert
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Structural Abnormalities

SummaryAlthough dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been used extensively as a cryopreservative for platelets there are few studies dealing with the effect of DMSO on platelet function. Using techniques similar to those employed in platelet cryopreservation platelets were incubated with final concentrations of 2-10% DMSO at 25° C. After exposure to 5 and 10% DMSO platelets remained discoid and electron micrographs revealed no structural abnormalities. There was no significant change in platelet count. In terms of injury to platelet membranes, there was no increased availability of platelet factor-3 or leakage of nucleotides, 5 hydroxytryptamine (5HT) or glycosidases with final DMSO concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10% DMSO. Thrombin stimulated nucleotide and 5HT release was reduced by 10% DMSO. Impairment of thrombin induced glycosidase release was noted at lower DMSO concentrations and was dose related. Similarly, aggregation to ADP was progressively impaired at DMSO concentrations from 1-5% and was dose related. After the platelets exposed to DMSO were washed, however, aggregation and release returned to control values. Platelet aggregation by epinephrine was also inhibited by DMSO and this could not be corrected by washing the platelets. DMSO-plasma solutions are hypertonic but only minimal increases in platelet volume (at 10% DMSO) could be detected. Shrinkage of platelets was seen with hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride or sucrose suggesting that the rapid transmembrane passage of DMSO prevented significant shifts of water. These studies demonstrate that there are minimal irreversible alterations in in vitro platelet function after short-term exposure to DMSO.

Short-term exposure and long-term consequences of neonatal exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and ibuprofen in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Philippot ◽  
Fred Nyberg ◽  
Torsten Gordh ◽  
Anders Fredriksson ◽  
Henrik Viberg
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Long Term Consequences
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