scholarly journals Neural Responses to Multielectrode Stimulation of Healthy and Degenerate Retina

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 3770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry J. Halupka ◽  
Carla J. Abbott ◽  
Yan T. Wong ◽  
Shaun L. Cloherty ◽  
David B. Grayden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Responses ◽  
Multielectrode Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Activation of thalamic ventroposteriolateral neurons by phrenic nerve afferents in cats and rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weirong Zhang ◽  
Paul W. Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Afferent Stimulation ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Sensory Pathways ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of

It has been demonstrated that phrenic nerve afferents project to somatosensory cortex, yet the sensory pathways are still poorly understood. This study investigated the neural responses in the thalamic ventroposteriolateral (VPL) nucleus after phrenic afferent stimulation in cats and rats. Activation of VPL neurons was observed after electrical stimulation of the contralateral phrenic nerve. Direct mechanical stimulation of the diaphragm also elicited increased activity in the same VPL neurons that were activated by electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve. Some VPL neurons responded to both phrenic afferent stimulation and shoulder probing. In rats, VPL neurons activated by inspiratory occlusion also responded to stimulation on phrenic afferents. These results demonstrate that phrenic afferents can reach the VPL thalamus under physiological conditions and support the hypothesis that the thalamic VPL nucleus functions as a relay for the conduction of proprioceptive information from the diaphragm to the contralateral somatosensory cortex.

Neural Responses to Electrical Stimulation of the Cochlea in Guinea Pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Jun-Ichi Matsushima ◽  
Chihiro Harada ◽  
Noboru Sakai ◽  
Tohru Ifukube ◽  
Makoto Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Stimulation Of

Differential role of nitric oxide in regional sympathetic responses to stimulation of NTS A2a adenosine receptors

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (2) ◽  
pp. H638-H649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz J. Scislo ◽  
Nobusuke Tan ◽  
Donal S. O'Leary
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
No Donors ◽  
A2a Adenosine Receptors ◽  
Cgs 21680 ◽  
Nos Inhibitors ◽  
Sympathetic Responses ◽  
Deta Nonoate ◽  
Stimulation Of

Our previous studies showed that preganglionic adrenal (pre-ASNA), renal (RSNA), lumbar, and postganglionic adrenal sympathetic nerve activities (post-ASNA) are inhibited after stimulation of arterial baroreceptors, nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), and glutamatergic and P2x receptors and are activated after stimulation of adenosine A1 receptors. However, stimulation of adenosine A2a receptors inhibited RSNA and post-ASNA, whereas it activated pre-ASNA. Because the effects evoked by NTS A2a receptors may be mediated via activation of nitric oxide (NO) mechanisms in NTS neurons, we tested the hypothesis that NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors would attenuate regional sympathetic responses to NTS A2a receptor stimulation, whereas NO donors would evoke contrasting responses from pre-ASNA versus RSNA and post-ASNA. Therefore, in chloralose/urethane-anesthetized rats, we compared hemodynamic and regional sympathetic responses to microinjections of selective A2a receptor agonist (CGS-21680, 20 pmol/50 nl) after pretreatment with NOS inhibitors Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (10 nmol/100 nl) and 1-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]imidazole (100 pmol/100 nl) versus pretreatment with vehicle (100 nl). In addition, responses to microinjections into the NTS of different NO donors [40 and 400 pmol/50 nl sodium nitroprusside (SNP); 0.5 and 5 nmol/50 nl 3,3-bis(aminoethyl)-1-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-triazene (DETA NONOate, also known as NOC-18), and 2 nmol/50 nl 3-(2-hydroxy-2-nitroso-1-propylhydrazino)-1-propanamine (PAPA NONOate, also known as NOC-15)], the NO precursor l-arginine (10–50 nmol/50 nl), and sodium glutamate (500 pmol/50 nl) were evaluated. SNP, DETA NONOate, and PAPA NONOate activated pre-ASNA and inhibited RSNA and post-ASNA, whereas l-arginine and glutamate microinjected into the same site of the NTS inhibited all these sympathetic outputs. Decreases in heart rate and depressor or biphasic responses accompanied the neural responses. Pretreatment with NOS inhibitors reversed the normal depressor and sympathoinhibitory responses to stimulation of NTS A2a receptors into pressor and sympathoactivatory responses and attenuated the heart rate decreases; however, it did not change the increases in pre-ASNA. We conclude that NTS NO mechanisms differentially affect regional sympathetic outputs and differentially contribute to the pattern of regional sympathetic responses evoked by stimulation of NTS A2a receptors.

scholarly journals Chronic optogenetic stimulation of hippocampal engrams variably modulates social behaviors in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Doucette ◽  
Heloise Leblanc ◽  
Amy Monasterio ◽  
Christine Cincotta ◽  
Stephanie L. Grella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Chronic Stimulation ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractThe hippocampus processes both spatial-temporal information and emotionally salient experiences. To test the functional properties of discrete sets of cells in the dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG), we examined whether chronic optogenetic reactivation of these ensembles was sufficient to modulate social behaviors in mice. We found that chronic reactivation of dDG cells in male mice was sufficient to enhance social behaviors in a female exposure task when compared to pre-stimulation levels. However, chronic reactivation of these cells was not sufficient to modulate group differences in a separate subset of social behaviors, and multi-region analysis of neural activity did not yield detectable differences in immediate-early gene expression or neurogenesis, suggesting a dissociation between our chronic stimulation-induced behavioral effects and underlying neural responses. Together, our results demonstrate that chronic optogenetic stimulation of cells processing valent experiences enduringly and unidirectionally modulates social interactions between male and female mice.

scholarly journals Separability of neural responses to standardised mechanical stimulation of limbs

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Brunton ◽  
Christoph W. Blau ◽  
Kianoush Nazarpour
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Stimulation Of

Bulbar gustatory responses to anterior and to posterior tongue stimulation in the rat

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce P. Halpern ◽  
Linda M. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Active Zone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anterior Region ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Quinine Hydrochloride ◽  
Posterior Tongue ◽  
Stimulation Of

Amplitudes of neural responses in the nucleus of the fasciculus solitarius to stimulation of the tongue with quinine hydrochloride were analyzed using the response to NaCl as a reference standard. Three distinguishable areas were observed within the gustatory response zone of the nucleus. One area, responsive only to stimulation of the anterior region of the tongue, was at the anterolateral limit of the active zone. A second area, caudal and medial to the first, responded to both anterior and posterior tongue-region stimulation, the latter region yielding larger responses. Medial to both of the other areas was a third, highly responsive area, which responded only to posterior tongue-region stimulation.

Return of neural responses after autotransplantation of the heart

1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vallee L. Willman ◽  
Theodore Cooper ◽  
C. Rollins Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Vagal Stimulation ◽  
Canine Heart ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Extrinsic Denervation ◽  
Complete Excision ◽  
Stellate Ganglia ◽  
Stimulation Of

Complete excision and reimplantation of the canine heart has been accomplished with survival in 25 dogs. One animal has now been followed for 30 months and six others have survived 12–24 months. Tests of innervation status have been applied during various intervals in a number of dogs from 7 days to 24 months after cardiac autotransplantation. The total extrinsic denervation which necessarily accompanies this surgical procedure appears to persist as long as 11 months. After 1 year vagal stimulation decreases the heart rate and stimulation of the stellate ganglia causes cardiac acceleration or augmentation. Injections of tyramine, norepinephrine, and veratrum viride alkaloids are followed by responses identical to those obtained in normal dogs. The catecholamine content of the myocardium returns to normal levels. We interpret the appearance of these responses as a demonstration that connection has been reestablished with the extracardiac nervous system.

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