scholarly journals Six-Year Incidence of Blindness and Visual Impairment in Kenya: The Nakuru Eye Disease Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (14) ◽  
pp. 5974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Bastawrous ◽  
Wanjiku Mathenge ◽  
Kevin Wing ◽  
Hillary Rono ◽  
Michael Gichangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Eye Disease

scholarly journals The Nakuru eye disease cohort study: methodology & rationale

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Bastawrous ◽  
Wanjiku Mathenge ◽  
Tunde Peto ◽  
Helen A Weiss ◽  
Hillary Rono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Study Methodology

Visual Impairment and Eye Disease Among Children of Migrant Farmworkers

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Russ Soares ◽  
Michael Rothschild ◽  
Danny Haddad ◽  
Phoebe Lenhart
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Migrant Farmworkers

scholarly journals Kidney transplant outcomes in recipients with visual, hearing, physical and walking impairments: a prospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1262-1270
Author(s):  
Alvin G Thomas ◽  
Jessica M Ruck ◽  
Nadia M Chu ◽  
Dayawa Agoons ◽  
Ashton A Shaffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Abstract Background Disability in general has been associated with poor outcomes in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. However, disability can be derived from various components, specifically visual, hearing, physical and walking impairments. Different impairments may compromise the patient through different mechanisms and might impact different aspects of KT outcomes. Methods In our prospective cohort study (June 2013–June 2017), 465 recipients reported hearing, visual, physical and walking impairments before KT. We used hybrid registry-augmented Cox regression, adjusting for confounders using the US KT population (Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, N = 66 891), to assess the independent association between impairments and post-KT outcomes [death-censored graft failure (DCGF) and mortality]. Results In our cohort of 465 recipients, 31.6% reported one or more impairments (hearing 9.3%, visual 16.6%, physical 9.1%, walking 12.1%). Visual impairment was associated with a 3.36-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–9.65] higher DCGF risk, however, hearing [2.77 (95% CI 0.78–9.82)], physical [0.67 (95% CI 0.08–3.35)] and walking [0.50 (95% CI 0.06–3.89)] impairments were not. Walking impairment was associated with a 3.13-fold (95% CI 1.32–7.48) higher mortality risk, however, visual [1.20 (95% CI 0.48–2.98)], hearing [1.01 (95% CI 0.29–3.47)] and physical [1.16 (95% CI 0.34–3.94)] impairments were not. Conclusions Impairments are common among KT recipients, yet only visual impairment and walking impairment are associated with adverse post-KT outcomes. Referring nephrologists and KT centers should identify recipients with visual and walking impairments who might benefit from targeted interventions pre-KT, additional supportive care and close post-KT monitoring.

scholarly journals Mastery and self-esteem mediate the association between visual acuity and mental health: a population-based longitudinal cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivar M Maaswinkel ◽  
Hilde PA van der Aa ◽  
Ger HMB van Rens ◽  
Aartjan TF Beekman ◽  
Jos WR Twisk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sense Of Mastery

Abstract Background: With deteriorating eyesight, people often become dependent on others for many aspects of their daily lives. As a result, they feel less ‘in control’ and experience lower self-esteem. Lower sense of mastery and self-esteem are known to predict depression, but their roles in people with visual impairment have only marginally been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the influence of mastery and self-esteem on the relationship between visual acuity and mental health.Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was performed using data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA), collected between 2001 and 2012. A community-based population of 2599 older adults (mean age 72 years) were included, who were randomly selected from population registers. Outcomes of interest were the Pearlin Mastery Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression scale and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale – Anxiety subscale. Linear mixed models were used to establish the association between visual acuity and mental health over time.Results: Mean age was 72 years, 56% was female and 1.2% qualified as having low vision. Visual impairment was associated with a lower sense of mastery (β = -0.477, p < 0.001), lower self-esteem (β = -0.166, p = 0.008) and more depression (β = 0.235, p < 0.001). No significant association between visual acuity and anxiety was found. The relationship between visual acuity and depression was mediated by self-esteem (25%) and sense of mastery (79%).Conclusions: Vision loss was associated with depression. This association was mediated by self-esteem and sense of mastery. This provides us with new possibilities to identify, support and treat those at risk for developing depression by aiming to increase their self-esteem and sense of mastery.

scholarly journals A Novel Hierarchical Deep Learning Framework for Diagnosing Multiple Visual Impairment Diseases in the Clinical Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxu Hong ◽  
Xiaoqing Liu ◽  
Youwen Guo ◽  
Hao Gu ◽  
Lei Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Clinical Images ◽  
Learning Framework ◽  
Disease Identification ◽  
Ocular Surface Diseases ◽  
Retinal Fundus ◽  
Level 2

Early detection and treatment of visual impairment diseases are critical and integral to combating avoidable blindness. To enable this, artificial intelligence–based disease identification approaches are vital for visual impairment diseases, especially for people living in areas with a few ophthalmologists. In this study, we demonstrated the identification of a large variety of visual impairment diseases using a coarse-to-fine approach. We designed a hierarchical deep learning network, which is composed of a family of multi-task &amp; multi-label learning classifiers representing different levels of eye diseases derived from a predefined hierarchical eye disease taxonomy. A multi-level disease–guided loss function was proposed to learn the fine-grained variability of eye disease features. The proposed framework was trained for both ocular surface and retinal images, independently. The training dataset comprised 7,100 clinical images from 1,600 patients with 100 diseases. To show the feasibility of the proposed framework, we demonstrated eye disease identification on the first two levels of the eye disease taxonomy, namely 7 ocular diseases with 4 ocular surface diseases and 3 retinal fundus diseases in level 1 and 17 subclasses with 9 ocular surface diseases and 8 retinal fundus diseases in level 2. The proposed framework is flexible and extensible, which can be inherently trained on more levels with sufficient training data for each subtype diseases (e.g., the 17 classes of level 2 include 100 subtype diseases defined as level 3 diseases). The performance of the proposed framework was evaluated against 40 board-certified ophthalmologists on clinical cases with various visual impairment diseases and showed that the proposed framework had high sensitivity and specificity with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranging from 0.743 to 0.989 in identifying all identified major causes of blindness. Further assessment of 4,670 cases in a tertiary eye center also demonstrated that the proposed framework achieved a high identification accuracy rate for different visual impairment diseases compared with that of human graders in a clinical setting. The proposed hierarchical deep learning framework would improve clinical practice in ophthalmology and broaden the scope of service available, especially for people living in areas with a few ophthalmologists.

scholarly journals Mastery and self-esteem mediate the association between visual acuity and mental health: a population-based longitudinal cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde PA van der Aa ◽  
Ivar M Maaswinkel ◽  
Ger HMB van Rens ◽  
Aartjan TF Beekman ◽  
Jos WR Twisk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sense Of Mastery

Abstract Background With deteriorating eyesight, people often become dependent on others for many aspects of their daily lives. As a result, they feel less ‘in control’ and experience lower self-esteem. Lower sense of mastery and self-esteem are known to predict depression, but their roles in people with visual impairment remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the influence of mastery and self-esteem on the relationship between visual acuity and mental health. Methods A longitudinal cohort study was performed using data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). Data on vision was available from the fifth cycle (2001), with a mean follow-up of 5.9 years. A community-based population was studied, containing older adults from eleven municipalities in three culturally distinct geographical regions in the Netherlands. A total of 2599 older adults (aged 55 to 85 years at baseline) were included, who were randomly selected from population registers in 1992. The first (2001) and last (2012) included measurements contained 1961 and 1522 participants, respectively. Primary study outcomes were logMAR visual acuity, sense of mastery, self-esteem, depression and anxiety. Instead of standard questionnaire scores, latent trait scores (θ) were obtained through -) Item Response Theory (IRT-) analysis. Results Mean age was 72 years, with 56% females and 2% qualifying as low vision. Visual impairment was associated with a lower sense of mastery (β = -0.477, p < 0.001), lower self-esteem (β = -0.166, p = 0.008) and more depression (β = 0.235, p < 0.001). No significant association between visual acuity and anxiety was found. The relationship between visual acuity and depression was mediated partially by self-esteem (25%) and fully by sense of mastery (76%). Conclusions Vision loss was associated with depression. This association was mediated by self-esteem and sense of mastery. This provides us with new possibilities to identify, support and treat those at risk for developing depression by aiming to increase their self-esteem and sense of mastery.

Dry Eye Disease in Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Results From a Spanish Retrospective Cohort Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934-1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. de la Parra-Colín ◽  
A.L.D. Agahan ◽  
J.A. Pérez-Simón ◽  
A. López ◽  
D. Caballero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Graft Versus Host Disease ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Host Disease ◽  
Graft Versus Host

scholarly journals Diabetic retinopathy, visual impairment and the risk of six-year death: a cohort study of a rural population in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Cao ◽  
Bingsong Wang ◽  
David S. Friedman ◽  
Jie Hao ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Fast Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The Dead

Purpose: To explore the association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the risk of six-year death, as well as the association between visual impairment (VI) and the risk of six-year death, in a rural Chinese population of age≥30 years. Methods: This was a population-based cohort study. In 2006-2007, 6,830 subjects aged ≥30 years were recruited from 13 villages in northern China through clustered randomization. In 2012-2013, a six-year follow-up was further done. Six different proportional hazards models, with different confounders adjusted, were used to explore the association between baseline DR and risk of death. Results: 5,570 subjects were included in this study by our inclusion and exclusion criteria. 410 (7.36%) subjects died by follow-up. The median ages of the dead subjects and survived subjects were 67 (interquartile range, IQR: 58-72) years and 52 (IQR: 42-58) years (Z=21.979, p<0.001). Male accounted for 62.20% and 44.92% among the dead and survived subjects (p<0.001). Besides, compared with those survived, the dead were found to be with lower education (p<0.001), lower marriage rate (p<0.001), lower income (p<0.001), higher proportion of smoking (p=0.003), higher systolic blood pressure (Z=10.411, p<0.001), lower body mass index (Z=-3.302, p=0.001), larger spherical equivalent error (Z=4.248, p<0.001), lower intraocular pressure (Z=-4.912, p<0.001), smaller anterior chamber depth (Z=-9.186, p<0.001), larger length thickness (Z=11.069, p<0.001), higher fast blood glucose level (Z=5.650, p<0.001), higher total cholesterols (Z=2.015, p=0.044), higher low-density lipoprotein (Z=2.024, p=0.043), higher proportion of drug usage (p<0.001). Besides, the dead subjects were more likely to be with VI, glaucoma, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, diabetes and DR. 148 subjects were diagnosed with DR at baseline, 33 (22.30%) of them were dead before follow-up. By adjusting all relative confounders in a proportional hazards model, DR was found to be a risk factor of six-year death, the hazard ratio (HR) was 1.739 (95% confidence intervals: 1.080, 2.803). Another five different statistical models with different confounders adjusted also revealed a statistically significant association between DR and six-year death. The association between VI and six-year death was not statistically significant. Conclusions: DR increased the risk of six-year death in a rural Chinese population aged ≥30 years, while VI not.  

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