scholarly journals The Role of DNA Methylation in the Metabolic Memory Phenomenon Associated With the Continued Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (13) ◽  
pp. 5748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Mishra ◽  
Renu A. Kowluru
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Metabolic Memory

Insights into the Role of DNA Methylation and Protein Misfolding in Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 744-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. Ahmed ◽  
Dina Johar ◽  
Mohamed Medhat Ali ◽  
Nagwa El-Badri
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Metabolic Memory ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by impaired glucose tolerance resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Epigenetic modifications, which are defined as inherited changes in gene expression that occur without changes in gene sequence, are involved in the etiology of diabetes. Methods: In this review, we focused on the role of DNA methylation and protein misfolding and their contribution to the development of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results: Changes in DNA methylation in particular are highly associated with the development of diabetes. Protein function is dependent on their proper folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. Defective protein folding and consequently their functions have also been reported to play a role. Early treatment of diabetes has proven to be of great benefit, as even transient hyperglycemia may lead to pathological effects and complications later on. This has been explained by the theory of the development of a metabolic memory in diabetes. The basis for this metabolic memory was attributed to oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, non-enzymatic glycation of proteins and importantly, epigenetic changes. This highlights the importance of linking new therapeutics targeting epigenetic mechanisms with traditional antidiabetic drugs. Conclusion: Although new data is evolving on the relation between DNA methylation, protein misfolding, and the etiology of diabetes, more studies are required for developing new relevant diagnostics and therapeutics.

Role of histone modification and DNA methylation in signaling pathways involved in diabetic retinopathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 234 (6) ◽  
pp. 7839-7846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Shafabakhsh ◽  
Esmat Aghadavod ◽  
Majid Ghayour‐Mobarhan ◽  
Gordon Ferns ◽  
Zatollah Asemi
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Histone Modification ◽  
Signaling Pathways

scholarly journals Epigenetic Modifications and Potential New Treatment Targets in Diabetic Retinopathy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Perrone ◽  
Carmela Matrone ◽  
Lalit P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Vascular Complication ◽  
Metabolic Memory ◽  
Good Glycemic Control ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Chromatin Structural ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Diabetes Drug ◽  
Cis And Trans

Retinopathy is a debilitating vascular complication of diabetes. As with other diabetic complications, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by the metabolic memory, which has been observed both in DR patients and in DR animal models. Evidences have provided that after a period of poor glucose control insulin or diabetes drug treatment fails to prevent the development and progression of DR even when good glycemic control is reinstituted (glucose normalization), suggesting a metabolic memory phenomenon. Recent studies also underline the role of epigenetic chromatin modifications as mediators of the metabolic memory. Indeed, epigenetic changes may lead to stable modification of gene expression, participating in DR pathogenesis. Moreover, increasing evidences suggest that environmental factors such as chronic hyperglycemia are implicated DR progression and may also affect the epigenetic state. Here we review recent findings demonstrating the key role of epigenetics in the progression of DR. Further elucidation of epigenetic mechanisms, acting both at the cis- and trans-chromatin structural elements, will yield new insights into the pathogenesis of DR and will open the way for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets to prevent DR progression.

scholarly journals Novel insights into DNA methylation and its critical implications in diabetic vascular complications

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Zheng ◽  
Jing Cheng ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Xinhua Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Metabolic Memory ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetic Vascular Complications ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Prevention Of Diabetes

Recent epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that type 2 diabetic patients can develop diabetic vascular complications even after intensive glycaemic control. It has been suggested that this phenomenon could be explained by the hypothesis of ‘metabolic memory’. The underlying mechanisms between these enduring effects and the prior hyperglycaemic state are still not well understood. Preliminary studies demonstrate that hyperglycaemia can regulate gene expression by epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, which can persistently exist even after glucose normalization. Increasing evidence shows that epigenetic mechanisms may play a substantial role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and its associated vascular complications, including atherosclerosis, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), nephropathy and retinopathy. In this review, we will examine the growing role of DNA methylation in diabetes and its vascular complications, thus it can provide critical implications for the early prevention of diabetes and its vascular complications.

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