scholarly journals Müller Glia, Vision-Guided Ocular Growth, Retinal Stem Cells, and a Little Serendipity

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 7705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy J. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Muller Glia ◽  
Müller Glia ◽  
Ocular Growth ◽  
Retinal Stem Cells

scholarly journals Late-Stage Neuronal Progenitors in the Retina Are Radial Muller Glia That Function as Retinal Stem Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (26) ◽  
pp. 7028-7040 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Bernardos ◽  
L. K. Barthel ◽  
J. R. Meyers ◽  
P. A. Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Muller Glia ◽  
Müller Glia ◽  
Neuronal Progenitors ◽  
Retinal Stem Cells

scholarly journals Midkine-a is required for cell cycle progression of Müller glia during neuronal regeneration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikiko Nagashima ◽  
Travis S. D’Cruz ◽  
Doneen Hesse ◽  
Christopher J. Sifuentes ◽  
Pamela A. Raymond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Muller Glia ◽  
Neuronal Regeneration ◽  
Müller Glia ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Neuronal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Cycle Genes

SummaryIn zebrafish, Müller glia function as intrinsic retinal stem cells that can regenerate ablated neurons. Understanding the mechanisms governing neuronal stem cells may provide clues to regenerate neurons in mammals. We report that in Müller glia the cytokine/growth factor, Midkine-a, functions as a core autocrine regulator of the cell cycle. Utilizing midkine-a mutants, we determined that Midkine-a regulates elements of an Id2a-retinoblastoma network in reprogrammed Müller glia that controls the expression of cell cycle genes and is required for transition from G1 to S phases of the cell cycle. In mutants, Müller glia that fail to divide undergo reactive gliosis, a pathological hallmark of Müller glia in mammals. Finally, we show that activation of the Midkine-a receptor, ALK, is required for Müller glia proliferation. These data provide mechanistic insights into Müller glia stem cells in the vertebrate retina and suggest avenues for eliciting neuronal regeneration in mammals.

scholarly journals Regulation of Stem Cell Properties of Müller Glia by JAK/STAT and MAPK Signaling in the Mammalian Retina

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista M. Beach ◽  
Jianbo Wang ◽  
Deborah C. Otteson
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Muller Glia ◽  
Müller Glia ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Blood Retinal Barrier ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Mammalian Retina

In humans and other mammals, the neural retina does not spontaneously regenerate, and damage to the retina that kills retinal neurons results in permanent blindness. In contrast to embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and embryonic/fetal retinal stem cells, Müller glia offer an intrinsic cellular source for regenerative strategies in the retina. Müller glia are radial glial cells within the retina that maintain retinal homeostasis, buffer ion flux associated with phototransduction, and form the blood/retinal barrier within the retina proper. In injured or degenerating retinas, Müller glia contribute to gliotic responses and scar formation but also show regenerative capabilities that vary across species. In the mammalian retina, regenerative responses achieved to date remain insufficient for potential clinical applications. Activation of JAK/STAT and MAPK signaling by CNTF, EGF, and FGFs can promote proliferation and modulate the glial/neurogenic switch. However, to achieve clinical relevance, additional intrinsic and extrinsic factors that restrict or promote regenerative responses of Müller glia in the mammalian retina must be identified. This review focuses on Müller glia and Müller glial-derived stem cells in the retina and phylogenetic differences among model vertebrate species and highlights some of the current progress towards understanding the cellular mechanisms regulating their regenerative response.

scholarly journals Cellular Signaling in Müller Glia: Progenitor Cells for Regenerative and Neuroprotective Responses in Pharmacological Models of Retinal Degeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Chenguang Wang ◽  
Guanfang Su
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Muller Glia ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Müller Glia ◽  
Cellular Source ◽  
Transduction Mechanisms ◽  
Retinal Degenerative Diseases

Retinal degenerative diseases are a leading cause of visual impairment or blindness. There are many therapies for delaying the progression of vision loss but no curative strategies currently. Stimulating intrinsic neuronal regeneration is a potential approach to therapy in retinal degenerative diseases. In contrast to stem cells, as embryonic/pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal progenitor cell or mesenchymal stem cells, Müller glia provided an endogenous cellular source for regenerative therapy in the retina. Müller glia are a major component of the retina and considerable evidence suggested these cells can be induced to produce the lost neurons in several species. Understanding the specific characteristic of Müller glia to generate lost neurons will inspire an attractive and alternative therapeutic strategy for treating visual impairment with regenerative research. This review briefly provides the different signal transduction mechanisms which are underlying Müller cell-mediated neuroprotection and neuron regeneration and discusses recent advances about regeneration from Müller glia-derived progenitors.

Müller Glia-Mediated Retinal Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Gao ◽  
Luodan A ◽  
Xiaona Huang ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Haiwei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Muller Glia ◽  
Müller Glia ◽  
Retinal Regeneration
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