scholarly journals Plasma Lutein and Zeaxanthin and Other Carotenoids as Modifiable Risk Factors for Age-Related Maculopathy and Cataract: The POLA Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 2329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ce´cile Delcourt ◽  
Isabelle Carrie`re ◽  
Martine Delage ◽  
Pascale Barberger-Gateau ◽  
Wolfgang Schalch
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Age-Related Chronic Diseases and Alzheimer’s Disease in Texas: A Hispanic Focused Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
Shyam Sheladia ◽  
P. Hemachandra Reddy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
American Population ◽  
Hispanic American ◽  
West Texas ◽  
Age Related

The emergence of age-related chronic diseases within the United States has led to the direct increase of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as well as other neurological diseases which ultimately contribute to the development of dementia within the general population. To be specific, age-related chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, high cholesterol, diabetes, and kidney disease contribute greatly to the advancement and rapid progression of dementia. Furthermore, unmodifiable risk factors such as advancing age and genetics as well as modifiable risk factors such as socioeconomic status, educational attainment, exercise, and diet further contribute to the development of dementia. Current statistics and research show that minority populations such as Hispanic Americans in the United States face the greatest burden of dementia due to the increase in the prevalence of overall population age, predisposing genetics, age-related chronic diseases, low socioeconomic status, as well as poor lifestyle choices and habits. Additionally, Hispanic Americans living within Texas and the rural areas of West Texas face the added challenge of finding appropriate healthcare services. This article will focus upon the research associated with AD as well as the prevalence of AD within the Hispanic American population of Texas and rural West Texas. Furthermore, this article will also discuss the prevalence of age-related chronic diseases, unmodifiable risk factors, and modifiable risk factors which lead to the progression and development of AD within the Hispanic American population of the United States, Texas, and rural West Texas.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Fluoride to the Pathogenesis of Eye Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Public Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Declan Waugh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Hsp70 Expression ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

This study provides diverse lines of evidence demonstrating that fluoride (F) exposure contributes to degenerative eye diseases by stimulating or inhibiting biological pathways associated with the pathogenesis of cataract, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma. As elucidated in this study, F exerts this effect by inhibiting enolase, τ-crystallin, Hsp40, Na+, K+-ATPase, Nrf2, γ -GCS, HO-1 Bcl-2, FoxO1, SOD, PON-1 and glutathione activity, and upregulating NF-κB, IL-6, AGEs, HsP27 and Hsp70 expression. Moreover, F exposure leads to enhanced oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant activity. Based on the evidence presented in this study, it can be concluded that F exposure may be added to the list of identifiable risk factors associated with pathogenesis of degenerative eye diseases. The broader impact of these findings suggests that reducing F intake may lead to an overall reduction in the modifiable risk factors associated with degenerative eye diseases. Further studies are required to examine this association and determine differences in prevalence rates amongst fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities, taking into consideration other dietary sources of F such as tea. Finally, the findings of this study elucidate molecular pathways associated with F exposure that may suggest a possible association between F exposure and other inflammatory diseases. Further studies are also warranted to examine these associations.

scholarly journals The Hamstrings: Anatomic and Physiologic Variations and Their Potential Relationships With Injury Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Afonso ◽  
Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues ◽  
Filipe M. Clemente ◽  
Michele Aquino ◽  
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Individual

The incidence and recurrence of hamstrings injuries are very high in sports, posing elevated performance and financial-related costs. Attempts to identify the risk factors involved in predicting vulnerability to hamstrings injury is important for designing exercise-based programs that aim to mitigate the rate and severity of hamstrings injuries and improve rehabilitation strategies. However, research has shown that non-modifiable risk factors may play a greater role than modifiable risk factors. Recognizing non-modifiable risk factors and understanding their implications will afford the prescription of better suited exercise programs, i.e., that are more respectful of the individual characteristics. In a nutshell, non-modifiable risk factors can still be acted upon, even if indirectly. In this context, an underexplored topic is how intra and inter- individual anatomic and physiologic variations in hamstrings (e.g., muscle bellies, fiber types, tendon length, aponeurosis width, attachment sites, sex- and age-related differences) concur to alter hamstrings injuries risk. Some anatomic and physiologic variations may be modifiable through exercise interventions (e.g., cross-sectional area), while others may not (e.g., supernumerary muscle bellies). This apparent dichotomy may hide a greater complexity, i.e., there may be risk factors that are partially modifiable. Therefore, we explored the available information on the anatomic variations of the hamstrings, providing a deeper insight into the individual risk factors for hamstrings injuries and contributing with better knowledge and potential applications toward a more individualized exercise prescription.

scholarly journals Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis Disruptions in Older Men Are Differentially Linked to Age and Modifiable Risk Factors: The European Male Aging Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 2737-2745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick C. W. Wu ◽  
Abdelouahid Tajar ◽  
Stephen R. Pye ◽  
Alan J. Silman ◽  
Joseph D. Finn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pituitary Dysfunction ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Men

Abstract Context: The cause of declining testosterone (T) in aging men and their relationships with risk factors are unclear. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the relationships between lifestyle and health with reproductive hormones in aging men. Design: This was a baseline cross-sectional survey on 3200 community-dwelling men aged 40–79 yr from a prospective cohort study in eight European countries. Results: Four predictors were associated with distinct modes of altered function: 1) age: lower free T (FT; −3.12 pmol/liter·yr, P < 0.001) with raised LH, suggesting impaired testicular function; 2) obesity: lower total T (TT; −2.32 nmol/liter) and FT (−17.60 pmol/liter) for body mass index (BMI; ≥ 25 to < 30 kg/m2) and lower TT (−5.09 nmol/liter) and FT (−53.72 pmol/liter) for BMI 30 kg/m2 or greater (P < 0.001–0.01, referent: BMI < 25 kg/m2) with unchanged/decreased LH, indicating hypothalamus/pituitary dysfunction; 3) comorbidity: lower TT (−0.80 nmol/liter, P < 0.01) with unchanged LH in younger men but higher LH in older men; and 4) smoking: higher SHBG (5.96 nmol/liter, P < 0.001) and LH (0.77 U/liter, P < 0.01) with increased TT (1.31 nmol/liter, P < 0.001) but not FT, compatible with a resetting of T-LH-negative feedback due to elevated SHBG. Conclusions: Complex multiple alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis function exist in aging men against a background of progressive age-related testicular impairment. These changes are differentially linked to specific risk factors. Some risk factors operate independently of but others interact with age, in contributing to the T decline. These potentially modifiable risk factors suggest possible preventative measures to maintain T during aging in men.

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