scholarly journals Visual response properties of striate cortical neurons projecting to V2 in macaque

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 752-752
Author(s):  
Y. El-Shamayleh ◽  
R. D. Kumbhani ◽  
N. T. Dhruv ◽  
J. A. Movshon
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Visual Response ◽  
Response Properties

scholarly journals Cortical plasticity following stripe rearing in the marsupialMonodelphis domestica: neural response properties of V1

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 566-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Dooley ◽  
Michaela S. Donaldson ◽  
Leah A. Krubitzer
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Monodelphis Domestica ◽  
Visual Environment ◽  
Visual Response ◽  
Response Properties ◽  
Dependent Plasticity ◽  
Marsupial Species

The functional organization of the primary visual area (V1) and the importance of sensory experience in its normal development have been well documented in eutherian mammals. However, very few studies have investigated the response properties of V1 neurons in another large class of mammals, or whether sensory experience plays a role in shaping their response properties. Thus we reared opossums ( Monodelphis domestica) in normal and vertically striped cages until they reached adulthood. They were then anesthetized using urethane, and electrophysiological techniques were used to examine neuronal responses to different orientations, spatial and temporal frequencies, and contrast levels. For normal opossums, we observed responses to the temporal and spatial characteristics of the stimulus to be similar to those described in small, nocturnal, eutherian mammals such as rats and mice; neurons in V1 responded maximally to stimuli at 0.09 cycles per degree and 2.12 cycles per second. Unlike other eutherians, but similar to other marsupials investigated, only 40% of the neurons were orientation selective. In stripe-reared animals, neurons were significantly more likely to respond to vertical stimuli at a wider range of spatial frequencies, and were more sensitive to gratings at lower contrast values compared with normal animals. These results are the first to demonstrate experience-dependent plasticity in the visual system of a marsupial species. Thus the ability of cortical neurons to alter their properties based on the dynamics of the visual environment predates the emergence of eutherian mammals and was likely present in our earliest mammalian ancestors.NEW & NOTEWORTHY These results are the first description of visual response properties of the most commonly studied marsupial model organism, the short-tailed opossum ( Monodelphis domestica). Further, these results are the first to demonstrate experience-dependent plasticity in the visual system of a marsupial species. Thus the ability of cortical neurons to alter their properties based on the dynamics of the visual environment predates the emergence of eutherian mammals and was likely present in our earliest mammalian ancestors.

scholarly journals Three rules govern thalamocortical connectivity of fast-spike inhibitory interneurons in the visual cortex

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Bereshpolova ◽  
Xiaojuan Hei ◽  
Jose-Manuel Alonso ◽  
Harvey A Swadlow
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Inhibitory Interneurons ◽  
Visual Response ◽  
Response Properties ◽  
Layer 4 ◽  
Visual Cortical ◽  
Feed Forward Inhibition ◽  
Fast Spike

Some cortical neurons receive highly selective thalamocortical (TC) input, but others do not. Here, we examine connectivity of single thalamic neurons (lateral geniculate nucleus, LGN) onto putative fast-spike inhibitory interneurons in layer 4 of rabbit visual cortex. We show that three ‘rules’ regulate this connectivity. These rules concern: (1) the precision of retinotopic alignment, (2) the amplitude of the postsynaptic local field potential elicited near the interneuron by spikes of the LGN neuron, and (3) the interneuron’s response latency to strong, synchronous LGN input. We found that virtually all first-order fast-spike interneurons receive input from nearly all LGN axons that synapse nearby, regardless of their visual response properties. This was not the case for neighboring regular-spiking neurons. We conclude that profuse and highly promiscuous TC inputs to layer-4 fast-spike inhibitory interneurons generate response properties that are well-suited to mediate a fast, sensitive, and broadly tuned feed-forward inhibition of visual cortical excitatory neurons.

scholarly journals Sensory computations in the cuneate nucleus of macaques

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (49) ◽  
pp. e2115772118
Author(s):  
Aneesha K. Suresh ◽  
Charles M. Greenspon ◽  
Qinpu He ◽  
Joshua M. Rosenow ◽  
Lee E. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Cuneate Nucleus ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Response Properties ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Random Dot Patterns ◽  
Object Features ◽  
Spatiotemporal Response

Tactile nerve fibers fall into a few classes that can be readily distinguished based on their spatiotemporal response properties. Because nerve fibers reflect local skin deformations, they individually carry ambiguous signals about object features. In contrast, cortical neurons exhibit heterogeneous response properties that reflect computations applied to convergent input from multiple classes of afferents, which confer to them a selectivity for behaviorally relevant features of objects. The conventional view is that these complex response properties arise within the cortex itself, implying that sensory signals are not processed to any significant extent in the two intervening structures—the cuneate nucleus (CN) and the thalamus. To test this hypothesis, we recorded the responses evoked in the CN to a battery of stimuli that have been extensively used to characterize tactile coding in both the periphery and cortex, including skin indentations, vibrations, random dot patterns, and scanned edges. We found that CN responses are more similar to their cortical counterparts than they are to their inputs: CN neurons receive input from multiple classes of nerve fibers, they have spatially complex receptive fields, and they exhibit selectivity for object features. Contrary to consensus, then, the CN plays a key role in processing tactile information.

scholarly journals Pairing a visual stimulus with VTA micro-stimulation changes the response properties of posterior inferior temporal cortical neurons

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2051
Author(s):  
Jerome Herpers ◽  
Wim Vanduffel ◽  
John Arsenault ◽  
Rufin Vogels
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Response Properties
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