scholarly journals Amodal spatial facilitation resolves local ambiguities of kinetic depth

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 275-275
Author(s):  
C. Klink ◽  
A. Noest ◽  
R. van Wezel
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Depth ◽  
Spatial Facilitation

On the kinetic depth effect

1989 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Aloimonos ◽  
C.M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Depth Effect ◽  
Kinetic Depth Effect ◽  
Kinetic Depth

The Physiology of a Lepidopteran Muscle Receptor

1966 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-249
Author(s):  
R. DE G. WEEVERS
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Sense Organ ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Ipsilateral Side ◽  
Major Function ◽  
Muscle Receptor ◽  
Spatial Facilitation ◽  
Adjacent Segments

1. When a single MRO of a caterpillar is stretched at least 32 motor units show clear reflex changes in activity. 2. The great majority of muscles are excited and the latency of the reflex differs only slightly from one muscle to another. The response has both tonic and phasic components which reflect more or less faithfully the magnitudes of the same components in the sensory discharge. 3. Muscles are affected on the contralateral side of the stimulated segment and on the ipsilateral side of adjacent segments. The reflex fields of neighbouring receptors therefore overlap; spatial facilitation produces a disproportionate increase in the overall response when two receptors are stimulated simultaneously. 4. The reflex pathway for muscles innervated by nerve 2 is shown to involve synaptic connexions in the ganglion of the segment anterior to the stimulated receptor and responding muscles. 5. The muscles most strongly excited are those which lie functionally in parallel with a stretched sense organ. It is concluded that a major function of the caterpillar MRO is to mediate a negative feedback reflex tending to stabilize bodily position independent of load.

Kinetic depth images: flexible generation of depth perception

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1357-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujal Bista ◽  
Ícaro Lins Leitão da Cunha ◽  
Amitabh Varshney
Keyword(s):  
Depth Perception ◽  
Depth Images ◽  
Kinetic Depth ◽  
Flexible Generation

scholarly journals On the limits of perceptual complementarity in the kinetic depth effect

1982 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Caelli ◽  
Patrick Flanagan ◽  
Stephen Green
Keyword(s):  
Depth Effect ◽  
Kinetic Depth Effect ◽  
Kinetic Depth

Neuronal pathways for activation of inhibitory interneurons in pyriform cortex of the rabbit

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Satou ◽  
K. Mori ◽  
Y. Tazawa ◽  
S. F. Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Commissure ◽  
Peak Amplitude ◽  
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential ◽  
Inhibitory Interneurons ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Lateral Olfactory Tract ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Pyriform Cortex ◽  
Spatial Facilitation ◽  
The Brain

The neuronal pathways responsible for the fast inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) elicited in principal cells in the pyriform cortex (PC) by volleys from the olfactory bulb (OB), the lateral olfactory tract (LOT), the anterior commissure (AC), and the deep-lying structures of the PC (DPC) were studied in the rabbit. The central latencies of the fast IPSPs (measured from the onset of the monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) elicited by volleys through the LOT) ranged between 3.0 and 9.3 ms (5.5 +/- 1.3 (SD) ms; n = 54) in the case of OB shocks and between 4.5 and 6.5 ms (5.1 +/- 0.7 (SD) ms; n = 7) in the case of LOT shocks. The onset latencies of the fast IPSPs were between 2.5 and 11.8 ms (5.1 +/- 1.8 (SD) ms; n = 66) in the case of DPC shocks and between 3.5 and 10.1 ms (5.8 +/- 1.5 (SD) ms; n = 61) in the case of AC shocks. The conditioning OB or LOT shocks almost completely eliminated the LOT-evoked fast IPSP when the testing shock was applied at the peak period of the conditioning slow IPSP. The conditioning OB shocks also eliminated the initial part of the OB-evoked fast IPSP, leaving the later part of the fast IPSP almost unchanged. Thus, the onset latency of the OB-evoked fast IPSP was lengthened by 7.1 +/- 2.9 (SD) ms (n = 35) by the conditioning OB shock. The conditioning OB or DPC shocks left the peak amplitude of the DPC-evoked fast IPSP almost unaffected. Similarly, the conditioning OB or AC shocks left the peak amplitude of the AC-evoked fast IPSP almost unaffected. The conditioning OB, DPC, or AC shocks had only a slight influence on the onset latency of the DPC- or AC-evoked fast IPSPs. Rhythmical steps at intervals of 3-5 ms were observed in the rising phase of the OB-evoked fast IPSP. This was interpreted as a result of a repetitive impingement of interneuronal discharges on the impaled cells. Spatial facilitation was observed among the fast IPSPs evoked by volleys from the OB, DPC, and AC when shocks were applied at suitable intervals. A slight facilitation was also seen between the LOT-evoked fast IPSP and the DPC- or AC-evoked fast IPSP. These results were interpreted as a result of the convergence of excitatory synaptic inputs onto the presumed inhibitory interneurons from the four structures of the brain. A temporal facilitation of the fast IPSPs was observed when the OB, DPC, or AC shocks were applied repetitively at short intervals. This suggests a temporal facilitation of the spike discharges of the presumed inhibitory interneurons under similar conditions. From these results, criteria were determined for identifying the inhibitory interneurons.

Perceived Rigidity and Nonrigidity in the Kinetic Depth Effect

Perception ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Ganis ◽  
Clara Casco ◽  
Sergio Roncato
Keyword(s):  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Horizontal Axis ◽  
Parallel Projection ◽  
Depth Effect ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Kinetic Depth Effect ◽  
Motion Process ◽  
Kinetic Depth ◽  
Angle Of Rotation

Stroboscopic simulations of three-dimensional rotating rigid structures can be perceived as highly nonrigid. To investigate this nonrigidity effect a sequence of either three (experiment 2 and 3) or thirty six frames (experiment 4) was used, each consisting of a set of dots with location on the horizontal axis corresponding to the parallel projection of a nominally defined helix. Observers were asked to judge the angle of rotation of eighty helices defined by the factorial combination of eight phase (φ) values (ie difference between the sinusoidal path of one dot and its neighbours) and ten different angular displacement values (α). When in each static frame the dots can be organized into curved dotted line (small values of φ), the perceived 3-D helices are highly nonrigid. But when shape information is not available in each static frame (high values of φ), the helices are perceived as rigid and rotation judgement is possible providing that α < 15°. It appears that at small values of φ observers fail to recover the rigid structure of the helices since the input to the structure from the motion process may be distorted.

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