scholarly journals Localized attentional interference reflects competition for reentrant processing

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 215-215
Author(s):  
K. S. Steelman-Allen ◽  
J. S. McCarley ◽  
J. R. W. Mounts
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Interference ◽  
Reentrant Processing

scholarly journals Localized attentional interference reflects competition for reentrant processing

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Steelman-Allen ◽  
J. S. McCarley ◽  
J. R. W. Mounts
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Interference ◽  
Reentrant Processing

Age-Related Differences in Localized Attentional Interference.

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason S. McCarley ◽  
Jeffrey R. W. Mounts ◽  
Arthur F. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Age Related ◽  
Attentional Interference

scholarly journals Task-irrelevant odours affect both response inhibition and response readiness in fast-paced Go/No-Go task: the case of valence

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Albayay ◽  
Umberto Castiello ◽  
Valentina Parma
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Intertrial Interval ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Task Relevance ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Response Readiness ◽  
Attentional Interference ◽  
Task Irrelevant

AbstractWhether emotional stimuli influence both response readiness and inhibition is highly controversial. Visual emotional stimuli appear to interfere with both under certain conditions (e.g., task relevance). Whether the effect is generalisable to salient yet task-irrelevant stimuli, such as odours, remains elusive. We tested the effect of orthonasally-presented pleasant (orange) and unpleasant odours (trimethyloxazole and hexenol) and clean air as a control on response inhibition. In emotional Go/No-Go paradigms, we manipulated the intertrial interval and ratios of Go/No-Go trials to account for motor (Experiment 1, N = 31) and cognitive (Experiment 2, N = 29) response inhibition processes. In Experiment 1, participants had greater difficulty in withholding and produced more accurate and faster Go responses under the pleasant vs. the control condition. Faster Go responses were also evident in the unpleasant vs. the control condition. In Experiment 2, neither pleasant nor unpleasant odours modulated action withholding, but both elicited more accurate and faster Go responses as compared to the control condition. Pleasant odours significantly impair action withholding (as compared to the control condition), indicating that more inhibitory resources are required to elicit successful inhibition in the presence of positive emotional information. This modulation was revealed for the motor aspect of response inhibition (fast-paced design with lower Go/No-Go trial ratio) rather than for attentional interference processes. Response readiness is critically impacted by the emotional nature of the odour (but not by its valence). Our findings highlight that the valence of task-irrelevant odour stimuli is a factor significantly influencing response inhibition.

Experimental knee-related pain enhances attentional interference on postural control

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. 2053-2064
Author(s):  
Eneida Yuri Suda ◽  
Rogerio Pessoto Hirata ◽  
Thorvaldur Palsson ◽  
Nicolas Vuillerme ◽  
Isabel C. N. Sacco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Attentional Interference

Personalized attention control therapy for PTSD: effectiveness and moderators of outcome in a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Adva Segal ◽  
Daniel S. Pine ◽  
Yair Bar-Haim
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Control Therapy ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Attentional Interference

Abstract Background Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that attention control therapy (ACT), targeting aberrant fluctuations of attention toward and away from threats in patients with PTSD, may be effective in reducing symptoms. The current RCT examined whether the use of personalized-trauma stimuli enhances ACT efficacy in patients with PTSD. Additional moderators of treatment outcome were tested on an exploratory basis. Methods Sixty patients with PTSD were randomly assigned to either personalized ACT, non-personalized ACT, or a control condition. Changes in symptoms were examined across pre-treatment, post-treatment, and a 3-month follow-up. Attentional interference was examined pre- and post-treatment. Baseline clinical and cognitive indices as well as the time elapsed since the trauma were tested as potential moderators of treatment outcome. Results A significant reduction in clinical symptoms was noted for all three conditions with no between-group differences. Attention bias variability decreased following ACT treatment. Personalized ACT was more effective relative to the control condition when less time had elapsed since the trauma. Baseline clinical and cognitive indices did not moderate treatment outcome. Conclusions In this RCT of patients with PTSD, ACT was no more effective in reducing PTSD symptoms than a control condition. The data also suggest a potential benefit of personalized ACT for patients who experienced their trauma more recently.

Delayed Reentrant Processing Impairs Visual Awareness

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1242-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Dux ◽  
Troy A.W. Visser ◽  
Stephanie C. Goodhew ◽  
Ottmar V. Lipp
Keyword(s):  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Reentrant Processing

scholarly journals Masking Disrupts Reentrant Processing in Human Visual Cortex

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1488-1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Fahrenfort ◽  
H. S. Scholte ◽  
V. A. F. Lamme
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Human Visual Cortex ◽  
Density Maps ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Ground Segmentation ◽  
Feedback Connections ◽  
Subject Performance ◽  
Reentrant Processing

In masking, a stimulus is rendered invisible through the presentation of a second stimulus shortly after the first. Over the years, authors have typically explained masking by postulating some early disruption process. In these feedforward-type explanations, the mask somehow “catches up” with the target stimulus, disrupting its processing either through lateral or interchannel inhibition. However, studies from recent years indicate that visual perception—and most notably visual awareness itself—may depend strongly on cortico-cortical feedback connections from higher to lower visual areas. This has led some researchers to propose that masking derives its effectiveness from selectively interrupting these reentrant processes. In this experiment, we used electroencephalogram measurements to determine what happens in the human visual cortex during detection of a texture-defined square under nonmasked (seen) and masked (unseen) conditions. Electro-encephalogram derivatives that are typically associated with reentrant processing turn out to be absent in the masked condition. Moreover, extrastriate visual areas are still activated early on by both seen and unseen stimuli, as shown by scalp surface Laplacian current source-density maps. This conclusively shows that feedforward processing is preserved, even when subject performance is at chance as determined by objective measures. From these results, we conclude that masking derives its effectiveness, at least partly, from disrupting reentrant processing, thereby interfering with the neural mechanisms of figure-ground segmentation and visual awareness itself.

scholarly journals The effects of menstrual-related pain on attentional interference

Pain ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund Keogh ◽  
Rebecca Cavill ◽  
David J. Moore ◽  
Christopher Eccleston
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Interference
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