scholarly journals Dynamics of the priority map in LIP during visual search

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 991-991
Author(s):  
K. Mirpour ◽  
F. Arcizet ◽  
J. Bisley
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Priority Map

scholarly journals Proactive distractor suppression elicited by statistical regularities in visual search

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changrun Huang ◽  
Ana Vilotijević ◽  
Jan Theeuwes ◽  
Mieke Donk
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Statistical Learning ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Distractor Interference ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
Priority Map ◽  
Statistical Regularities ◽  
Low Probability

AbstractIrrelevant salient objects may capture our attention and interfere with visual search. Recently, it was shown that distraction by a salient object is reduced when it is presented more frequently at one location than at other locations. The present study investigates whether this reduced distractor interference is the result of proactive spatial suppression, implemented prior to display onset, or reactive suppression, occurring after attention has been directed to that location. Participants were asked to search for a shape singleton in the presence of an irrelevant salient color singleton which was presented more often at one location (the high-probability location) than at all other locations (the low-probability locations). On some trials, instead of the search task, participants performed a probe task, in which they had to detect the offset of a probe dot. The results of the search task replicated previous findings showing reduced distractor interference in trials in which the salient distractor was presented at the high-probability location as compared with the low-probability locations. The probe task showed that reaction times were longer for probes presented at the high-probability location than at the low-probability locations. These results indicate that through statistical learning the location that is likely to contain a distractor is suppressed proactively (i.e., prior to display onset). It suggests that statistical learning modulates the first feed-forward sweep of information processing by deprioritizing locations that are likely to contain a distractor in the spatial priority map.

scholarly journals Reward learning and statistical learning independently influence attentional priority of salient distractors in visual search

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Le Pelley ◽  
Poppy Watson ◽  
Jan Theeuwes ◽  
Steven Most
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Reward Learning ◽  
Selection History ◽  
Priority Map

Existing research demonstrates different ways in which attentional prioritisation of visual stimuli is shaped by prior experience: reward learning renders signals of high-value outcomes more likely to capture attention than signals of low-value outcomes, whereas statistical learning can produce attentional suppression of the location in which salient distractor items are likely to appear. The current study combined manipulations of the value and location associated with distractors in visual search to investigate whether these different effects of selection history operate independently, or interact to determine overall attentional prioritisation of salient distractors. In Experiment 1, high- and low-value distractors most frequently appeared in the same location; in Experiment 2, high- and low-value distractors typically appeared in distinct locations. In both experiments, effects of distractor value and location were additive, suggesting that attention-promoting effects of value and attention-suppressing effects of physical salience independently modulate overall attentional priority. Our findings are consistent with a view that sees attention as mediated by a common priority map that receives and integrates separate signals relating to physical salience and value.

scholarly journals Reward learning and statistical learning independently influence attentional priority of salient distractors in visual search

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike E. Le Pelley ◽  
Rhonda Ung ◽  
Chisato Mine ◽  
Steven B. Most ◽  
Poppy Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Reward Learning ◽  
Incentive Salience ◽  
Selection History ◽  
Signal Suppression ◽  
Priority Map

AbstractExisting research demonstrates different ways in which attentional prioritization of salient nontarget stimuli is shaped by prior experience: Reward learning renders signals of high-value outcomes more likely to capture attention than signals of low-value outcomes, whereas statistical learning can produce attentional suppression of the location in which salient distractor items are likely to appear. The current study combined manipulations of the value and location associated with salient distractors in visual search to investigate whether these different effects of selection history operate independently or interact to determine overall attentional prioritization of salient distractors. In Experiment 1, high-value and low-value distractors most frequently appeared in the same location; in Experiment 2, high-value and low-value distractors typically appeared in distinct locations. In both experiments, effects of distractor value and location were additive, suggesting that attention-promoting effects of value and attention-suppressing effects of statistical location-learning independently modulate overall attentional priority. Our findings are consistent with a view that sees attention as mediated by a common priority map that receives and integrates separate signals relating to physical salience and value, with signal suppression based on statistical learning determined by physical salience, but not incentive salience.

scholarly journals Probability cueing of singleton-distractor locations in visual search: priority-map‐ or dimension-based inhibition?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Zhang ◽  
Fredrik Allenmark ◽  
Heinrich R. Liesefeld ◽  
Zhuanghua Shi ◽  
Hermann J. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Negative Bias ◽  
Distractor Location ◽  
Strong Suppression ◽  
Singleton Distractor ◽  
Priority Map ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Search Guidance ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACTObservers can learn the likely locations of salient distractors in visual search, reducing their potential to capture attention (Ferrante et al., 2018; Sauter et al., 2018a; Wang & Theeuwes, 2018a). While there is agreement that this involves positional suppression of the likely distractor location(s), it is contentious at which stage of search guidance the suppression operates: the supra-dimensional priority map or feature-contrast signals within the distractor dimension. On the latter account, advocated by Sauter et al., target processing should be unaffected by distractor suppression when the target is defined in a different (non-suppressed) dimension to the target. At odds with this, Wang and Theeuwes found strong suppression not only of the (color) distractor, but also of the (shape) target when it appeared at the likely distractor location. Adopting their paradigm, the present study ruled out that increased cross-trial inhibition of the single frequent (frequently inhibited) as compared to any of the rare (rarely inhibited) distractor locations is responsible for this target-location effect. However, a reduced likelihood of the target appearing at the frequent vs. a rare distractor location contributes to this effect: removing this negative bias abolished the cost to target processing with increasing practice, indicative of a transition from priority-map‐ to dimension-based – and thus a flexible locus of – distractor suppression.Public Significance StatementDistraction by a salient visual stimulus outside the ‘focus’ of the task at hand occurs frequently. The present study examined whether and how ‘knowledge’ of the likely location(s) where the distractors occur helps the observer to mitigate distraction. The results confirmed that observers can learn to suppress distracting stimuli at likely locations. Further, they showed that, the suppression may occur at different levels in the hierarchically organized visual system where the priorities of which objects to be attended in the environment are determined.

scholarly journals History-driven modulations of population codes in early visual cortex during visual search

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten C.S. Adam ◽  
John T. Serences
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Priority Map ◽  
Population Codes ◽  
Trial History ◽  
Early Visual Cortex ◽  
Sensory Responses

AbstractTo find important objects, we must focus on our goals, ignore distractions, and take our changing environment into account. This is formalized in models of visual search whereby goal-driven, stimulus-driven and history-driven factors are integrated into a priority map that guides attention. History is invoked to explain behavioral effects that are neither wholly goal-driven nor stimulus-driven, but whether history likewise alters goal-driven and/or stimulus-driven signatures of neural priority is unknown. We measured fMRI responses in human visual cortex during a visual search task where trial history was manipulated (colors switched unpredictably or repeated). History had a near-constant impact on responses to singleton distractors, but not targets, from V1 through parietal cortex. In contrast, history-independent target enhancement was absent in V1 but increased across regions. Our data suggest that history does not alter goal-driven search templates, but rather modulates canonically stimulus-driven sensory responses to create a temporally-integrated representation of priority.

scholarly journals Across-trial spatial suppression in visual search

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lishuang Wang ◽  
Benchi Wang ◽  
Jan Theeuwes
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Priority Map ◽  
Attentional System

AbstractIn order to focus on objects of interest, humans must be able to avoid distraction by salient stimuli that are not relevant to the task at hand. Many recent studies have shown that through statistical learning we are able to suppress the location that is most likely to contain a salient distractor. Here we demonstrate a remarkable flexibility in attentional suppression. Participants had to search for a shape singleton while a color distractor singleton was present. Unbeknown to the participant, the color distractor was presented according to a consistent pattern across trials. Our findings show that participants learn this distractor sequence as they proactively suppressed the anticipated location of the distractor on the next trial. Critically, none of the participants were aware of these hidden sequences. We conclude that the spatial priority map is highly flexible, operating at a subconscious level preparing the attentional system for what will happen next.

scholarly journals Probability cueing of singleton-distractor locations in visual search: Priority-map- versus dimension-based inhibition?

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1146-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Zhang ◽  
Fredrik Allenmark ◽  
Heinrich René Liesefeld ◽  
Zhuanghua Shi ◽  
Hermann J. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Singleton Distractor ◽  
Priority Map

The Influences of Goal and Laterality of a Prepared Hand Response on a Co-Occurring Visual Search

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Coutté ◽  
Gérard Olivier ◽  
Sylvane Faure
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Response Preparation ◽  
Manual Response ◽  
Response Hand ◽  
Computer Screen ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Manual Interaction

Computer use generally requires manual interaction with human-computer interfaces. In this experiment, we studied the influence of manual response preparation on co-occurring shifts of attention to information on a computer screen. The participants were to carry out a visual search task on a computer screen while simultaneously preparing to reach for either a proximal or distal switch on a horizontal device, with either their right or left hand. The response properties were not predictive of the target’s spatial position. The results mainly showed that the preparation of a manual response influenced visual search: (1) The visual target whose location was congruent with the goal of the prepared response was found faster; (2) the visual target whose location was congruent with the laterality of the response hand was found faster; (3) these effects have a cumulative influence on visual search performance; (4) the magnitude of the influence of the response goal on visual search is marginally negatively correlated with the rapidity of response execution. These results are discussed in the general framework of structural coupling between perception and motor planning.

Scientific Problem Solving in a Virtual Laboratory: A Comparison Between Individuals and Pairs

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda A. Métrailler ◽  
Ester Reijnen ◽  
Cornelia Kneser ◽  
Klaus Opwis
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Scientific Problem ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Scientific Problem Solving ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Verbal Data ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
Problem Solving Task

This study compared individuals with pairs in a scientific problem-solving task. Participants interacted with a virtual psychological laboratory called Virtue to reason about a visual search theory. To this end, they created hypotheses, designed experiments, and analyzed and interpreted the results of their experiments in order to discover which of five possible factors affected the visual search process. Before and after their interaction with Virtue, participants took a test measuring theoretical and methodological knowledge. In addition, process data reflecting participants’ experimental activities and verbal data were collected. The results showed a significant but equal increase in knowledge for both groups. We found differences between individuals and pairs in the evaluation of hypotheses in the process data, and in descriptive and explanatory statements in the verbal data. Interacting with Virtue helped all students improve their domain-specific and domain-general psychological knowledge.

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