scholarly journals 3D surface orientation based on orientation disparity alone

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-645
Author(s):  
C. Fantoni ◽  
W. Gerbino
Keyword(s):  
Surface Orientation ◽  
3D Surface ◽  
Orientation Disparity

scholarly journals Choice-Related Activity during Visual Slant Discrimination in Macaque CIP but Not V3A

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Caitlin Elmore ◽  
Ari Rosenberg ◽  
Gregory C. DeAngelis ◽  
Dora E. Angelaki
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Orientation ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Visual Orientation ◽  
Planar Surface ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Planar Surfaces ◽  
3D Surface

AbstractCreating three-dimensional (3D) representations of the world from two-dimensional retinal images is fundamental to many visual guided behaviors including reaching and grasping. A critical component of this process is determining the 3D orientation of objects. Previous studies have shown that neurons in the caudal intraparietal area (CIP) of the macaque monkey represent 3D planar surface orientation (i.e., slant and tilt). Here we compare the responses of neurons in areas V3A (which is implicated in 3D visual processing and which precedes CIP in the visual hierarchy) and CIP to 3D oriented planar surfaces. We then examine whether activity in these areas correlates with perception during a fine slant discrimination task in which monkeys report if the top of a surface is slanted towards or away from them. Although we find that V3A and CIP neurons show similar sensitivity to planar surface orientation, significant choice-related activity during the slant discrimination task is rare in V3A but prominent in CIP. These results implicate both V3A and CIP in the representation of 3D surface orientation, and suggest a functional dissociation between the areas based on slant-related decision signals.Significance StatementSurface orientation perception is fundamental to visually guided behaviors such as reaching, grasping, and navigation. Previous studies implicate the caudal intraparietal area (CIP) in the representation of 3D surface orientation. Here we show that responses to 3D oriented planar surfaces are similar in CIP and V3A, which precedes CIP in the cortical hierarchy. However, we also find a qualitative distinction between the two areas: only CIP neurons show robust choice-related activity during a fine visual orientation discrimination task.

Integration of Perspective and Disparity Cues in Surface-Orientation–Selective Neurons of Area CIP

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 2856-2867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui ◽  
Min Jiang ◽  
Kazuo Yara ◽  
Hideo Sakata ◽  
Masato Taira
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Binocular Disparity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Orientation ◽  
Linear Perspective ◽  
Orientation Tuning ◽  
Single Unit Recording ◽  
Unit Recording ◽  
Depth Cues ◽  
3D Surface

We investigated the effects of linear perspective and binocular disparity, as monocular and binocular depth cues, respectively, on the response of surface-orientation–selective (SOS) neurons in the caudal part of the lateral bank of the intraparietal sulcus (area CIP). During the single-unit recording, monkeys were required to perform the delayed-matching-to-sample (successive same/different discrimination) of discriminating surface orientation in stereoscopic computer graphics. Of 211 visually responsive neurons, 66 were intensively tested using the solid-figure stereogram (SFS) of a square plate with both disparity and perspective cues (D+P condition), and 62 of these were identified as SOS neurons for responding selectively to the orientation of stimuli. All these neurons were further tested using a solid figure with perspective cues alone (P-only condition), and 58% (36/62) of these showed selective response to the orientation of the stimuli. Of the 62 SOS neurons, 35 neurons were also tested using SFS with disparity cues alone (D-only condition) in addition to the D+P and P-only conditions. We classified these 35 neurons into four groups by comparing the response selectivity under the P-only and D-only conditions. More than one-half of these (19/35) were sensitive to both perspective and disparity cues (DP neurons), and nearly one-third (11/35) of these were sensitive to disparity cues alone (D neurons), but a few (2/35) were sensitive to perspective cues alone (P neurons). The remaining (3/35) neurons exhibited orientation selectivity only when both cues were present. In DP neurons, the preferred orientation under the D+P condition was correlated to those under the D-only and P-only conditions, and the response magnitude under the D+P condition was greater than those under the D-only and P-only conditions, suggesting the integration of both cues for the perception of surface orientation. However, in these neurons, the orientation tuning sharpness under the D+P and D-only conditions was higher than that under the P-only condition, suggesting the dominance of disparity cues. After the single-unit recording experiments, muscimol was microinjected into the recording site to temporarily inactivate its function. In all three effective cases out of six microinjection experiments, discrimination of a three-dimensional (3D) surface orientation was impaired when disparity cues alone were present. In only one effective case, when a relatively large amount of muscimol was microinjected, discrimination of a 3D surface orientation was impaired even when both disparity and perspective cues were present. These results suggest that linear perspective is an important cue for representations of a 3D surface of SOS neurons in area CIP, although it is less effective than binocular disparity, and that both of these depth cues may be integrated in area CIP for the perception of surface orientation in depth.

scholarly journals Perception of 3D surface orientation from skew symmetry

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (24) ◽  
pp. 3163-3183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A Saunders ◽  
David C Knill
Keyword(s):  
Surface Orientation ◽  
3D Surface

Surface Tension and Surface Orientation of Perfluorinated Alkanes

2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (13) ◽  
pp. 5029-5035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesfin Tsige ◽  
Gary S. Grest
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Orientation
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