Tilt aftereffect for texture edges is larger than in matched subjective edges, but both are strong adaptors of luminance edges

Current models for learning feature detectors work on two timescales: on a fast timescale, the internal neurons' activations adapt to the current stimulus; on a slow timescale, the weights adapt to the statistics of the set of stimuli. Here we explore the adaptation of a neuron's intrinsic excitability, termed intrinsic plasticity, which occurs on a separate timescale. Here, a neuron maintains homeostasis of an exponentially distributed firing rate in a dynamic environment. We exploit this in the context of a generative model to impose sparse coding. With natural image input, localized edge detectors emerge as models of V1 simple cells. An intermediate timescale for the intrinsic plasticity parameters allows modeling aftereffects. In the tilt aftereffect, after a viewer adapts to a grid of a certain orientation, grids of a nearby orientation will be perceived as tilted away from the adapted orientation. Our results show that adapting the neurons' gain-parameter but not the threshold-parameter accounts for this effect. It occurs because neurons coding for the adapting stimulus attenuate their gain, while others increase it. Despite its simplicity and low maintenance, the intrinsic plasticity model accounts for more experimental details than previous models without this mechanism.

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The tilt aftereffect depends on border ownership

Journal of Vision ◽

10.1167/2.7.707 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (7) ◽

pp. 707-707

Author(s):

T. J. Macuda ◽

F. T. Qiu ◽

R. Heydt

Keyword(s):

Tilt Aftereffect

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A decision-time account of individual variability in context-dependent orientation estimation

10.1101/853754 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ron Dekel ◽

Dov Sagi

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Visual Processing ◽

Initial Conditions ◽

Decision Time ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Perceptual Bias ◽

Large Individual ◽

List Type ◽

Tilt Aftereffect ◽

Context Dependent

AbstractFollowing exposure to an oriented stimulus, the perceived orientation is slightly shifted, a phenomenon termed the tilt aftereffect (TAE). This estimation bias, as well as other context-dependent biases, is speculated to reflect statistical mechanisms of inference that optimize visual processing. Importantly, although measured biases are extremely robust in the population, the magnitude of individual bias can be extremely variable. For example, measuring different individuals may result in TAE magnitudes that differ by a factor of 5. Such findings appear to challenge the accounts of bias in terms of learned statistics: is inference so different across individuals? Here, we found that a strong correlation exists between reaction time and TAE, with slower individuals having much less TAE. In the tilt illusion, the spatial analogue of the TAE, we found a similar, though weaker, correlation. These findings can be explained by a theory predicting that bias, caused by a change in the initial conditions of evidence accumulation (e.g., prior), decreases with decision time (Dekel & Sagi, 2019b). We contend that the context-dependence of visual processing is more homogeneous in the population than was previously thought, with the measured variability of perceptual bias explained, at least in part, by the flexibility of decision-making. Homogeneity in processing might reflect the similarity of the learned statistics.HighlightsThe tilt aftereffect (TAE) exhibits large individual differences.Reduced TAE magnitudes are found in slower individuals.Reduced TAE in slower decisions can be explained by the reduced influence of prior.Therefore, individual variability can reflect decision making flexibility.

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A Feed Forward-Lateral Inhibition Dynamical Model of Predictive Remapping of the Tilt Aftereffect

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/conf.neuro.06.2009.03.094 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Port Nicholas

Keyword(s):

Lateral Inhibition ◽

Dynamical Model ◽

Tilt Aftereffect ◽

Feed Forward ◽

Predictive Remapping

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The effect of perceptual contour orientation uncertainty on the tilt aftereffect

Vision Research ◽

10.1016/j.visres.2019.02.001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 158 ◽

pp. 126-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gennady Erlikhman ◽

Gurjyot Singh ◽

Tandra Ghose ◽

Zili Liu

Keyword(s):

Tilt Aftereffect

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Stages of Orientation Coding Assessed by the Tilt Aftereffect

Perception ◽

10.1068/v970183 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. 70-70

Author(s):

R Anderson ◽

M A Georgeson

Keyword(s):

Spatial Frequency ◽

Frequency Tuning ◽

Broad Band ◽

Tilt Aftereffect ◽

Staircase Procedure ◽

Test Grating ◽

Spatial Frequency Tuning ◽

Adaptation Condition ◽

Parallel Condition

We investigated orientation coding via the spatial-frequency tuning of the tilt aftereffect (TAE). In the single-adaptation condition, subjects adapted to single gratings of 1 or 8 cycles deg−1, 40% contrast, tilted 15° clockwise or anticlockwise from vertical; in two double-adaptation conditions the 1 and 8 cycles deg−1 gratings were superimposed at opposite orientations (‘plaid’ condition) or at the same orientation (‘parallel’ condition). Test gratings of 1, 2, 4, and 8 cycles deg−1, 20% contrast, were presented for 150 ms in an interleaved staircase procedure that measured the TAE by nulling it, hence making a tilted test grating appear vertical. Initial adaptation was for 3 min, topped up for 2 s between test presentations. Results from the single-grating condition indicated broad spatial-frequency tuning of the TAE, since the effect was still strong when tested three octaves away from the adapter. In the parallel condition, the TAEs were around the average of those reported in the single condition. Negligible TAEs were found in the 1+8 cycles deg−1 plaid condition, indicating that opposing adaptations had effectively cancelled each other out. These findings strengthen the suggestion of Olzak and Thomas (1992 Vision Research32 1885 – 1898) that orientation is encoded via an integrative mechanism which pools or sums the outputs of different spatial-frequency channels, and further imply that much of the adaptation responsible for the TAE occurs at this later broad-band stage.

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Do Monocular Tilt and Spatial Frequency Aftereffects Induce the Binocular Perception of Inclination and Slant?

Perception ◽

10.1068/v96p0201 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. 18-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M F Bradshaw ◽

B J Rogers

Keyword(s):

Spatial Frequency ◽

Frequency Shift ◽

Vertical Axis ◽

Test Surface ◽

Tilt Aftereffect ◽

Spatial Periodicity ◽

Binocular Perception

Prolonged viewing of a set of tilted lines can affect the perceived orientation of a second set of lines with a different physical orientation (tilt aftereffect). Similarly, prolonged viewing of a set of lines of a particular spatial periodicity can affect the perceived periodicity of a second set of lines with a different physical periodicity (spatial frequency shift aftereffect). We investigated whether a binocular difference resulting from monocular tilt or spatial frequency aftereffects could induce the perception of 3-D inclination or slant respectively. Observers adapted to monocular patterns (5 deg in diameter) arranged in a vertical ‘dumbbell’ configuration in dichoptic alternation. The adapting patterns differed in either orientation (±6.25° or ±11.25°) or in spatial frequency (±0.5 or ±0.75 octaves) from a test surface comprising vertical lines at 4 cycles deg−1. The period of adaptation was 3 min. Observers judged whether the test surfaces appeared to (i) form a convex or concave hinge in depth (after adaptation to tilt), or (ii) to slant in opposite directions about a vertical axis (after adaptation to periodicity). Using a relative slant/inclination judgment may be more sensitive than depth matching or nulling of a single surface (eg Sloane and Blake, 1987 Perception & Psychophysics42 569 – 575). Our results suggest that (i) differences in perceived periodicity in separate monocular images do not induce the impression of stereoscopic slant (confirming the results of Sloane and Blake) and (ii) differences in perceived orientation in separate monocular images do not induce an impression of stereoscopic inclination.

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