scholarly journals Adaptation to the induced effect stimulus normalizes surface slant perception and recalibrates eye position signals for azimuth

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoxia Liu ◽  
Ellen M. Berends ◽  
Clifton M. Schor
Keyword(s):  
Eye Position ◽  
Slant Perception ◽  
Surface Slant

scholarly journals Horizontal and vertical disparity, eye position, and stereoscopic slant perception

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1143-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin T. Backus ◽  
Martin S. Banks ◽  
Raymond van Ee ◽  
James A. Crowell
Keyword(s):  
Eye Position ◽  
Slant Perception ◽  
Vertical Disparity

Slant Perception Under Stereomicroscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1128-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Horvath ◽  
Kori Macdonald ◽  
John Galeotti ◽  
Roberta L. Klatzky
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Binocular Viewing ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Slant Perception ◽  
Surface Slant ◽  
Planar Images

Objective These studies used threshold and slant-matching tasks to assess and quantitatively measure human perception of 3-D planar images viewed through a stereomicroscope. The results are intended for use in developing augmented-reality surgical aids. Background Substantial research demonstrates that slant perception is performed with high accuracy from monocular and binocular cues, but less research concerns the effects of magnification. Viewing through a microscope affects the utility of monocular and stereo slant cues, but its impact is as yet unknown. Method Participants performed in a threshold slant-detection task and matched the slant of a tool to a surface. Different stimuli and monocular versus binocular viewing conditions were implemented to isolate stereo cues alone, stereo with perspective cues, accommodation cue only, and cues intrinsic to optical-coherence-tomography images. Results At magnification of 5x, slant thresholds with stimuli providing stereo cues approximated those reported for direct viewing, about 12°. Most participants (75%) who passed a stereoacuity pretest could match a tool to the slant of a surface viewed with stereo at 5x magnification, with mean compressive error of about 20% for optimized surfaces. Slant matching to optical coherence tomography images of the cornea viewed under the microscope was also demonstrated. Conclusion Despite the distortions and cue loss introduced by viewing under the stereomicroscope, most participants were able to detect and interact with slanted surfaces. Application The experiments demonstrated sensitivity to surface slant that supports the development of augmented-reality systems to aid microscope-aided surgery.

The Impact of Radial Distortions in VR Headsets on Perceived Surface Slant

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 60409-1-60409-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Tong ◽  
Robert S. Allison ◽  
Laurie M. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Lens Distortion ◽  
Local Surface ◽  
Slant Perception ◽  
Free Surfaces ◽  
Radial Distortion ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Surface Slant ◽  
Residual Image ◽  
Distortion Parameters ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Modern virtual reality (VR) headsets use lenses that distort the visual field, typically with distortion increasing with eccentricity. While content is pre-warped to counter this radial distortion, residual image distortions remain. Here we examine the extent to which such residual distortion impacts the perception of surface slant. In Experiment 1, we presented slanted surfaces in a head-mounted display and observers estimated the local surface slant at different locations. In Experiments 2 (slant estimation) and 3 (slant discrimination), we presented stimuli on a mirror stereoscope, which allowed us to more precisely control viewing and distortion parameters. Taken together, our results show that radial distortion has significant impact on perceived surface attitude, even following correction. Of the distortion levels we tested, 5% distortion results in significantly underestimated and less precise slant estimates relative to distortion-free surfaces. In contrast, Experiment 3 reveals that a level of 1% distortion is insufficient to produce significant changes in slant perception. Our results highlight the importance of adequately modeling and correcting lens distortion to improve VR user experience.

scholarly journals Early dynamics of stereoscopic surface slant perception

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baptiste Caziot ◽  
Benjamin T. Backus ◽  
Esther Lin
Keyword(s):  
Slant Perception ◽  
Surface Slant

Conflicts with Extraretinal and Monocular Cues Cause the Small Range of the Induced Effect

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 79-79
Author(s):  
M S Banks ◽  
B T Backus
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Images ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Geometric Effect ◽  
Apparent Rotation ◽  
Surface Slant ◽  
Horizontal Size ◽  
Vertical Size

A vertical magnifier before one eye causes the induced effect: an apparent rotation of frontal surfaces toward that eye. The rotation required to restore apparent frontoparallelism grows linearly up to ∼4% magnification, but plateaus at 8%. We examined the cause of the plateau. Horizontal disparities (quantified by horizontal size ratios, HSRs) are ambiguous indicators of surface slant. Various retinal and nonretinal signals can allow veridical slant estimation from HSR, sensed eye position, vertical disparities (vertical size ratios, VSRs), and monocular cues. Vertical or horizontal magnification of one eye's image alters the natural relationships among HSR, VSR, eye position, and monocular cues. We argue that the induced-effect plateau is caused by conflicts between these means of estimating slant. A plateau is not observed in the geometric effect because some of the conflicts do not occur with horizontal magnification. Two experiments were designed to test this hypothesis. When strong monocular cues were present, plateaux occurred at ∼8% magnification in the induced, but not the geometric effect. When monocular slant cues were made useless, induced-effect plateaux were abolished. Even with strong monocular cues present, plateaux in the induced effect were eliminated when eye position was consistent with the vertical magnification in the retinal images. The smaller range of the induced effect can only be understood from consideration of all the signals involved in slant estimation.

Slant Perception in Rotated Grid Patterns

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myron L. Braunstein ◽  
John W. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Slant Perception
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