scholarly journals Eye-specific pattern-motion signals support the perception of three-dimensional motion

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Sung Jun Joo ◽  
Devon A. Greer ◽  
Lawrence K. Cormack ◽  
Alexander C. Huk
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Pattern Motion

scholarly journals Homogeneous 2D and 3D alignment of cardiomyocyte in dilated cardiomyopathy revealed by intravital heart imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Masuyama ◽  
Tomoaki Higo ◽  
Jong-Kook Lee ◽  
Ryohei Matsuura ◽  
Ian Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Heart Imaging ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
2D And 3D

AbstractIn contrast to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, there has been reported no specific pattern of cardiomyocyte array in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), partially because lack of alignment assessment in a three-dimensional (3D) manner. Here we have established a novel method to evaluate cardiomyocyte alignment in 3D using intravital heart imaging and demonstrated homogeneous alignment in DCM mice. Whilst cardiomyocytes of control mice changed their alignment by every layer in 3D and position twistedly even in a single layer, termed myocyte twist, cardiomyocytes of DCM mice aligned homogeneously both in two-dimensional (2D) and in 3D and lost myocyte twist. Manipulation of cultured cardiomyocyte toward homogeneously aligned increased their contractility, suggesting that homogeneous alignment in DCM mice is due to a sort of alignment remodelling as a way to compensate cardiac dysfunction. Our findings provide the first intravital evidence of cardiomyocyte alignment and will bring new insights into understanding the mechanism of heart failure.

scholarly journals Spheroidal aggregate culture of rat liver cells: histotypic reorganization, biomatrix deposition, and maintenance of functional activities.

1985 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 914-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Landry ◽  
D Bernier ◽  
C Ouellet ◽  
R Goyette ◽  
N Marceau
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tyrosine Aminotransferase ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Matrix Components

Liver cells isolated from newborn rats and seeded on a non-adherent plastic substratum were found to spontaneously re-aggregate and to form, within a few days, spheroidal aggregates that eventually reached a plateaued diameter of 150-175 micron. Analyses on frozen sections from these spheroids by immunofluorescence microscopy using antibodies to various cytoskeletal elements and extracellular matrix components revealed a sorting out and a histotypic reorganization of three major cell types. A first type consisted of cells that segregated out on the aggregate surface forming a monolayer cell lining; a second type was identified as hepatocytes that regrouped in small islands often defining a central lumen; and a third group of cells reorganized into bile duct-like structures. This intercellular organization in the aggregates was paralleled by the accumulation of extracellular matrix components (laminin, fibronectin, and collagen) and their deposition following a specific pattern around each cell population structure. Determinations of albumin secretion and tyrosine aminotransferase induction by dexamethasone and glucagon at various times after the initiation of the cultures revealed a maintenance of the hepatocyte-differentiated functions for at least up to 2 mo at the levels measured at 3-5 d. It is concluded that cells dispersed as single cells from newborn rat liver conserve in part the necessary information to reconstruct a proper three-dimensional cyto-architecture and that the microenvironment so generated most likely represents a basic requirement for the optimal functioning of these differentiated cells.

scholarly journals Using Three-Dimensional Lorenz Scatter Plots to Detect Patients with Atrioventricular Node Double Path Caused by Interpolated Ventricular Premature Systoles: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Fujun
Keyword(s):  
Trajectory Tracking ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Atrioventricular Node ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Scatter Plot ◽  
Conduction Path ◽  
Ventricular Premature Contraction ◽  
Scatter Plots ◽  
Holter Recordings

A series of related electrophysiology phenomena can be caused by the occurrence of interpolated ventricular prematurecontraction. In our recent three-dimensional Lorenz R-R scatter plot research, we found that atrioventricular nodedouble path caused by interpolated ventricular premature contraction imprints a specific pattern on three-dimensionalLorenz plots generated from 24-hour Holter recordings. We found two independent subclusters separated from the interpolated premature beat precluster, the interpolated premature beat cluster, and the interpolated premature beat postcluster, respectively. Combined with use of the trajectory tracking function and the leap phenomenon, our results reveal the presence of the atrioventricular node double conduction path.

Detection of Pathogens and Formation of Biofilms Using a Three-Dimensional Biomimetic Biosensing Platform

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Mazrouei ◽  
Minako Sumita ◽  
Mohammad Shavezipur
Keyword(s):  
Polycrystalline Silicon ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Electrode Pair ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Capacitance Change ◽  
System A ◽  
Potential Formation ◽  
Biosensing System

Internalization of pathogens inside pores and channels of fresh produce and formation of polymeric biofilm around their colonies are important phenomena in food safety due to complications they create for removal and inactivation of pathogens. The practical challenges does not allow for monitoring the pathogen-produce interaction in real time and under different ambient conditions. The present work introduces a biomimetic biosensing platform that simulates the actual produce and can detect the presence, growth and internalization of microorganisms and also potential formation of biofilm. The system consists of layers of capacitive electrodes made of polycrystalline silicon which are designed based on a standard foundry process (PolyMUMPs). The electrodes form multiple impedance-based biosensors and can simulate porous medium of the produce surface. As the cells reside on the surface of the top layer or penetrate inside the system, the capacitance value of each electrode pair changes. Monitoring the capacitance change of each biosensor allows us to determine where the microorganisms are and also whether their population is increasing. To demonstrate the applicability of our proposed biosensing system, a comprehensive FEM simulation is performed using ANSYS® APDL. The simulation results show that each pair of electrodes displays a specific pattern of capacitance change when cells reside on the system’s surface, move inside, grow or produce polymeric biofilm, because the electrostatic properties of cells and biofilm polymers are different from those of the solution. Analyzing the capacitance patterns allows us to determine that cells are at which stage of growth or internalization, and how far they have moved inside the system.

scholarly journals Glycosaminoglycans as regulators of stem cell differentiation

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A.A. Smith ◽  
Kate Meade ◽  
Claire E. Pickford ◽  
Rebecca J. Holley ◽  
Catherine L.R. Merry
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Specific Cell

ES (embryonic stem) cell differentiation is dependent on the presence of HS (heparan sulfate). We have demonstrated that, during differentiation, the evolution of specific cell lineages is associated with particular patterns of GAG (glycosaminoglycan) expression. For example, different HS epitopes are synthesized during neural or mesodermal lineage formation. Cell lines mutant for various components of the HS biosynthetic pathway are selectively impaired in their differentiation, with lineage-specific effects observed for some lines. We have also observed that the addition of soluble GAG saccharides to cells, with or without cell-surface HS, can influence the pace and outcome of differentiation, again highlighting specific pattern requirements for particular lineages. We are combining this work with ongoing studies into the design of artificial cell environments where we have optimized three-dimensional scaffolds, generated by electrospinning or by the formation of hydrogels, for the culture of ES cells. By permeating these scaffolds with defined GAG oligosaccharides, we intend to control the mechanical environment of the cells (via the scaffold architecture) as well as their biological signalling environment (using the oligosaccharides). We predict that this will allow us to control ES cell pluripotency and differentiation in a three-dimensional setting, allowing the generation of differentiated cell types for use in drug discovery/testing or in therapeutics.

scholarly journals Designing of the Tracks and Modeling of the Carrier Arrangement in Square Rotary Braiding Machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 7861
Author(s):  
Guowei Shao ◽  
Zhihong Sun ◽  
Ge Chen ◽  
Qihong Zhou ◽  
Zhenxi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Specific Pattern

This paper describes the splicing of an 8 × 8 484 cross-break track, based on the carrier arrangement characteristics (CAC) method for track splicing technology. The arrangement period of the carrier (T) in the track is obtained in order to discern which slot has a carrier in a period and which one does not. Six basic types of track unit are deconstructed, and a mathematical model is established to determine the possible state of the carrier in each slot of the track unit. Finally, the specific pattern of the carrier arrangement in the 484 cross-break track unit is obtained and verified using a three-dimensional (3D) rotary braiding machine with a square track disc. This provides a reference for solving the carrier arrangement of a 3D square rotary braiding machine.

Three-dimensional Coculture Provides an Improved in Vitro Model for Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylee A Rosette ◽  
Stephen M Lander ◽  
Calvin VanOpstall ◽  
Brendan David Looyenga
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Stromal Fibroblasts

Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) represents the second most common kidney cancer and can be distinguished from other types based upon its unique histologic architecture and specific pattern of genomic alterations. Sporadic Type1 pRCC is almost universally driven by focal or chromosomal amplification of the receptor tyrosine kinase MET, though the specific mode of its activation is unclear. While the MET receptors found in human tumor specimens appear highly active, those found on the surface of in vitro cultured tumor cells are only weakly activated in the absence of exogenous hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) ligand. Furthermore, pRCC cells cultured in standard two-dimensional conditions with serum fail to respond functionally to MET knockdown or the selective MET inhibitor capmatinib despite clear evidence of kinase inhibition at the molecular level. To better model pRCC in vitro, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) coculture system in which renal tumor cells are layered on top of primary fibroblasts in a fashion that mimics the papillary architecture of human tumors. In this 3D spheroid model, the tumor cells survive and proliferate in the absence of serum due to trophic support of HGF-producing fibroblasts. Unlike tumor cells grown in monoculture, the proliferation of cocultured tumor cells is sensitive to capmatinib and parallels inhibition of MET kinase activity. These findings demonstrate the importance of stromal fibroblasts in pRCC and indicate that accurate in vitro representation of this disease requires the presence of both tumor and fibroblast cells in a structured coculture model.

Prospective Evaluation of a GvHD-Specific Proteom Pattern.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 728-728
Author(s):  
Eva M. Weissinger ◽  
Thorsten Kaiser ◽  
Haytham Kamal ◽  
Hans-Jochem Kolb ◽  
Ernst Holler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Contour Plot ◽  
Microsoft Access ◽  
Gvhd Prophylaxis ◽  
Unrelated Donors ◽  
Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase ◽  
Leukotriene A4 ◽  
Access Data

Abstract We have recently described and published a proteom pattern specific for the early diagnosis of acute GvHD, based on the application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) and mass spectrometry (MS). Here we report the application of the previously described GvHD-pattern, consisting of 29 polypeptides discriminatory for differential diagnosis of GvHD, towards the analysis of urine of a new group of 35 patients in the follow up phase after allogeneic HSCT. The samples were collected prospectively and analysed in a blinded fashion. Fifteen patients were transplanted from matched unrelated donors, while 20 received stem cells from family donors. GvHD prophylaxis was metotrexat and cyclosporin A. Urine samples were collected prior to conditioning and once a week during the follow up phase. Screening of the patients’ urine with CE-MS yielded between 500 and 2500 polypeptides defined via their mass, charge, and retention time in the CE-MS. These polypeptides were depicted as a three dimensional picture (contour plot, Diapat) and the data for each individual patient were stored in a Microsoft Access data base. The evaluation of urine of 40 patients after HSCT (5 autologous, 35 allogeneic) led to the establishment of a GvHD-specific pattern, consisting of 16-GvHD-specific and 13- sepsis-specific polypeptides (Kaiser et al., Blood 2004). Sixteen differentially excreted polypeptides formed a pattern of early GvHD markers, allowing discrimination of GvHD from patients without complications with 82% specificity and 100% sensitivity, cross validated. Inclusion of 13 sepsis-specific polypeptides allowed to distinguish sepsis from GvHD with a specificity of 97% and a sensitivity of 100%. Sequencing two prominent GvHD-indicative polypeptides led to the identification of a peptide from leukotriene A4 hydrolase and a peptide from serum albumin. The comparison of the newly collected data to the GvHD-specific patterns will be presented. Figure Figure

scholarly journals Dynamic dot displays reveal material motion network in the human brain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra C. Schmid ◽  
Huseyin Boyaci ◽  
Katja Doerschner
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Motion Processing ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Motion Versus ◽  
Cortical Architecture

ABSTRACTThere is growing research interest in the neural mechanisms underlying the recognition of material categories and properties. This research field, however, is relatively more recent and limited compared to investigations of the neural mechanisms underlying object and scene category recognition. Motion is particularly important for the perception of non-rigid materials, but the neural basis of non-rigid material motion remains unexplored. Using fMRI, we investigated which brain regions respond preferentially to material motion versus other types of motion. We introduce a new database of stimuli – dynamic dot materials – that are animations of moving dots that induce vivid percepts of various materials in motion, e.g. flapping cloth, liquid waves, wobbling jelly. Control stimuli were scrambled versions of these same animations and rigid three-dimensional rotating dots. Results showed that isolating material motion properties with dynamic dots (in contrast with other kinds of motion) activates a network of cortical regions in both ventral and dorsal visual pathways, including areas normally associated with the processing of surface properties and shape, and extending to somatosensory and premotor cortices. We suggest that such a widespread preference for material motion is due to strong associations between stimulus properties. For example viewing dots moving in a specific pattern not only elicits percepts of material motion; one perceives a flexible, non-rigid shape, identifies the object as a cloth flapping in the wind, infers the object’s weight under gravity, and anticipates how it would feel to reach out and touch the material. These results are a first important step in mapping out the cortical architecture and dynamics in material-related motion processing.

Estimation of Incision Patterns Based on Visual Tracking of Surgical Tools in Minimally Invasive Surgery

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochuan Sun ◽  
Shahram Payandeh
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Invasive Surgery ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Coordinate Frame ◽  
Specific Procedure ◽  
Surgical Tools

In minimally invasive surgery, the positions of surgical tools are important in multiple instruments set-up and procedures. Typically, each surgery requires 4–5 incision holes and for each specific procedure, the layout of points defines specific pattern. Taking advantage of this possible one-to-one relationship between a specific procedure in minimally invasive surgery and the incision patterns, such patterns can be utilized in tele-monitoring of trainee during an emulated surgical operation. For example, in performance evaluation of trainee, this procedure would automatically estimate and verify the initial incision pattern to that of the predefined expected template associated with a particular surgical procedure. In this paper, we propose and analyze two models, based on color and shape respectively, to reconstruct the pattern. Both approaches use image information only to reconstruct the incision patterns in three dimensional space. The challenge of monocular endoscopic view is the lack of depth perception which hindered the vision-based tracking of laparoscopic tools. To address the problem, we present a method to determine not only the spatial tip position of the surgical tools, but also their orientation with respect to the camera coordinate frame. Detailed formulation shows that how segmented tool edges and camera field of view localize the 3D orientations of tools. Then, 3D position of the tool tip is reconstructed using either color or edge detection method. Finally, the orientations and the position of tool tips uniquely determine the poses of the tools. From above procedures, geometrical models of cylindrical tools can be constructed in each sequence of mono-camera images. To further use the tracking result in order to localize the incision point, we computed the vectors of the cylindrical tool center lines at multiple poses at number of frames. Extracted incision point is further analyzed as a recognition pattern to map into the patients’ pre-operative incision procedure. Accuracy of 3D tool pose estimation and incision pattern is evaluated in real image sequences with known ground truth.

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