scholarly journals Hierarchical recruitment of competition alleviates working memory overload in a frontoparietal model

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Dominic Standage ◽  
Martin Paré ◽  
Gunnar Blohm
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Overload

scholarly journals Working Memory Overload: Fronto-Limbic Interactions and Effects on Subsequent Working Memory Function

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Yun ◽  
John H. Krystal ◽  
Daniel H. Mathalon
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Memory Overload

Perceiving Rhythmic Repetition and Change Across Development: Effects of Concurrent Pitch

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-235
Author(s):  
Marta Martins ◽  
Susana Silva ◽  
São Luís Castro
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Overload ◽  
Rhythmic Change

The ability to perceive repetition and change in rhythm is fundamental to music understanding. How is this ability affected by other musical dimensions, such as pitch? We compared the perception of rhythmic repetition and change in rhythm-only stimuli versus rhythm-and-pitch stimuli. A sample of 357 participants, aged from 6 to 22 years, performed Same (repetition) versus Different (change) judgments on rhythmic stimuli with and without concurrent pitch variation. Rhythm-and-pitch stimuli impaired the perception of rhythmic repetition but not the perception of change, and this was independent from participants’ age. Our findings are consistent with two concurrent effects of pitch on rhythmic perception: a change-highlighting effect, acting only in rhythmic change, and a working-memory-overload effect that acts in both repetition and change. We discuss the implications regarding composer–listener communication across development.

scholarly journals When using sound with a text or picture is not beneficial for learning

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slava Kalyuga
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Multimedia Instruction ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
Memory Overload ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Visual Instructions

<span>Conventional wisdom tells us that two modalities (visual and auditory) are better than one modality in any instructional message. This paper describes two cases where combining audio explanations with visual instructions has had negative rather than positive or neutral effects. The results were explained as a consequence of working memory overload. Some guiding principles in the design of multimedia instruction are suggested.</span>

Math Learning Environment with Game-Like Elements

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dovan Rai ◽  
Joseph E. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Educational Games ◽  
Educational Game ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Instructional Time ◽  
Math Learning ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Experimental Step ◽  
Memory Overload

Educational games intend to make learning more enjoyable, but carry the potential cost of compromising learning efficiency by consuming both instructional time and student cognitive resources. Therefore, instead of creating an educational game, the authors create a learning environment with game-like elements, the aspects of games that are engaging but that do not negatively impact the learning effectiveness of the system. This paper presents an experimental framework for determining the effect of game-like elements in terms of their benefits such as enhancing engagement and learning, as well as their costs such as distraction and working memory overload. As a first experimental step, the authors develop four versions of a math tutor with different degrees of game-likeness, such as adding narrative and visual feedback. Based on a study with 297 students, it is found that students reported more satisfaction with the tutor with more game-like elements, but there was no conclusive difference in learning among the different versions.

scholarly journals Hierarchical recruitment of competition alleviates working memory overload in a fronto-parietal model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Standage ◽  
Martin Paré ◽  
Gunnar Blohm
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Cortical Model ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
High Performing ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Memory Overload ◽  
Stimulus Offset

AbstractThe storage limitations of visual working memory have been the subject of intense research interest for several decades, but few studies have systematically investigated the dependence of these limitations on memory load that exceeds our retention abilities. Under this real-world scenario, performance typically declines beyond a critical load among low-performing subjects, a phenomenon known as working memory overload. We used a fronto-parietal cortical model to test the hypothesis that high-performing subjects select a manageable number of items for storage, thereby avoiding overload. The model accounts for behavioural and electrophysiological data from high-performing subjects in a parameter regime where competitive encoding in its prefrontal network selects items for storage, inter-areal projections sustain their representations after stimulus offset, and weak dynamics in its parietal network limit their mutual interference. Violation of these principles accounts for these data among low-performing subjects, implying that poor visual working memory performance reflects poor control over fronto-parietal circuitry, and making testable predictions for experiments.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

The bottleneck may be the solution, not the problem

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnon Lotem ◽  
Oren Kolodny ◽  
Joseph Y. Halpern ◽  
Luca Onnis ◽  
Shimon Edelman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Biological Trait ◽  
Memory Bottleneck

AbstractAs a highly consequential biological trait, a memory “bottleneck” cannot escape selection pressures. It must therefore co-evolve with other cognitive mechanisms rather than act as an independent constraint. Recent theory and an implemented model of language acquisition suggest that a limit on working memory may evolve to help learning. Furthermore, it need not hamper the use of language for communication.

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