scholarly journals Multiplexed allocentric and egocentric signals in the primate frontal eye fields during a cue-conflict saccade task

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
J Douglas Crawford ◽  
Vishal Bharmauria ◽  
Amir Sajad ◽  
Xiaogang Yan ◽  
Hongying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Eye Fields ◽  
Saccade Task ◽  
Cue Conflict

scholarly journals Top-down control of visual cortex by the frontal eye fields through oscillatory realignment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenica Veniero ◽  
Joachim Gross ◽  
Stephanie Morand ◽  
Felix Duecker ◽  
Alexander T. Sack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Frontal Eye Fields ◽  
Phase Reset ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Beta Frequency

AbstractVoluntary allocation of visual attention is controlled by top-down signals generated within the Frontal Eye Fields (FEFs) that can change the excitability of lower-level visual areas. However, the mechanism through which this control is achieved remains elusive. Here, we emulated the generation of an attentional signal using single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to activate the FEFs and tracked its consequences over the visual cortex. First, we documented changes to brain oscillations using electroencephalography and found evidence for a phase reset over occipital sites at beta frequency. We then probed for perceptual consequences of this top-down triggered phase reset and assessed its anatomical specificity. We show that FEF activation leads to cyclic modulation of visual perception and extrastriate but not primary visual cortex excitability, again at beta frequency. We conclude that top-down signals originating in FEF causally shape visual cortex activity and perception through mechanisms of oscillatory realignment.

scholarly journals Uncertainty promotes information-seeking actions, but what information?

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlynn M. Keller ◽  
Holly A. Taylor ◽  
Tad T. Brunyé
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Continuous Data ◽  
Final Choice ◽  
Navigation Data ◽  
Spatial Reorientation ◽  
Local Landmark ◽  
Empirical Approaches ◽  
Cue Conflict

Abstract Navigating an unfamiliar city almost certainly brings out uncertainty about getting from place to place. This uncertainty, in turn, triggers information gathering. While navigational uncertainty is common, little is known about what type of information people seek when they are uncertain. The primary choices for information types with environments include landmarks (distal or local), landmark configurations (relation between two or more landmarks), and a distinct geometry, at least for some environments. Uncertainty could lead individuals to more likely seek one of these information types. Extant research informs both predictions about and empirical work exploring this question. This review covers relevant cognitive literature and then suggests empirical approaches to better understand information-seeking actions triggered by uncertainty. Notably, we propose that examining continuous navigation data can provide important insights into information seeking. Benefits of continuous data will be elaborated through one paradigm, spatial reorientation, which intentionally induces uncertainty through disorientation and cue conflict. While this and other methods have been used previously, data have primarily reflected only the final choice. Continuous behavior during a task can better reveal the cognition-action loop contributing to spatial learning and decision making.

Endogenously Generated and Visually Guided Saccades after Lesions of the Human Frontal Eye Fields

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avishai Henik ◽  
Robert Rafal ◽  
Dell Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Visual Signal ◽  
Frontal Eye Fields ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Key Press ◽  
Reflexive Saccades ◽  
Voluntary Saccades

Nine patients with chronic, unilateral lesions of the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex including the frontal eye fields (FEF) made saccades toward contralesional and ipsilesional fields. The saccades were either voluntarily directed in response to arrows in the center of a visual display, or were reflexively summoned by a peripheral visual signal. Saccade latencies were compared to those made by seven neurologic control patients with chronic, unilateral lesions of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex sparing the FEF, and by 13 normal control subjects. In both the normal and neurologic control subjects, reflexive saccades had shorter Latencies than voluntary saccades. In the FEF lesion patients, voluntary saccades had longer latencies toward the contralesional field than toward the ipsilesional field. The opposite pattern was found for reflexive saccades: latencies of saccades to targets in the contralesional field were shorter than saccades summoned to ipsilesional targets. Reflexive saccades toward the ipsilesional field had abnormally prolonged latencies; they were comparable to the latencies observed for voluntary Saccades. The effect of FEF lesions on saccacles contrasted with those observed in a second experiment requiring a key press response: FEF lesion patients were slower in making key press responses to signals detected in the contralesional field. To assess covert attention and preparatory set the effects of precues providing advance information were measured in both saccade and key press experiments. Neither patient group showed any deficiency in using precues to shift attention or to prepare saccades. The FEF facilitates the generation of voluntary saccatles and also inhibits reflexive saccades to exogenous signals. FEF lesions may disinhibit the ipsilesional midbrain which in turn may inhibit the opposite colliculus to slow reflexive saccades toward the ipsilesional field.

scholarly journals Giving Subjects the Eye and Showing Them the Finger: Socio-Biological Cues and Saccade Generation in the Anti-Saccade Task

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p7085 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola J Gregory ◽  
Timothy L Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Oculomotor System ◽  
Short Soas ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Saccade Direction ◽  
Saccade Task ◽  
Saccadic Reaction Times ◽  
Saccadic Responses ◽  
Gaze Cues

Pointing with the eyes or the finger occurs frequently in social interaction to indicate direction of attention and one's intentions. Research with a voluntary saccade task (where saccade direction is instructed by the colour of a fixation point) suggested that gaze cues automatically activate the oculomotor system, but non-biological cues, like arrows, do not. However, other work has failed to support the claim that gaze cues are special. In the current research we introduced biological and non-biological cues into the anti-saccade task, using a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). The anti-saccade task recruits both top–down and bottom–up attentional mechanisms, as occurs in naturalistic saccadic behaviour. In experiment 1 gaze, but not arrows, facilitated saccadic reaction times (SRTs) in the opposite direction to the cues over all SOAs, whereas in experiment 2 directional word cues had no effect on saccades. In experiment 3 finger pointing cues caused reduced SRTs in the opposite direction to the cues at short SOAs. These findings suggest that biological cues automatically recruit the oculomotor system whereas non-biological cues do not. Furthermore, the anti-saccade task set appears to facilitate saccadic responses in the opposite direction to the cues.

Activity of pursuit neurons in the caudal part of the frontal eye fields (FEF) during static roll-tilt

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. S94
Author(s):  
Sergey Kurkin ◽  
Teppei Akao ◽  
Junko Fukushima ◽  
Kikuro Fukushima
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Eye Fields ◽  
Caudal Part ◽  
Roll Tilt ◽  
Pursuit Neurons

Neurons in the Caudal Frontal Eye Fields of Monkeys Signal Three-Dimensional Tracking

2003 ◽  
Vol 1004 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGEI KURKIN ◽  
NORIHITO TAKEICHI ◽  
TEPPEI AKAO ◽  
FUMIE SATO ◽  
JUNKO FUKUSHIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontal Eye Fields

The human precentral sulcus: chemoarchitecture of a region corresponding to the frontal eye fields

2003 ◽  
Vol 972 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 16-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Rosano ◽  
John A Sweeney ◽  
Darlene S Melchitzky ◽  
David A Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Eye Fields ◽  
Precentral Sulcus

scholarly journals The Role of the Frontal Eye Fields in Oculomotor Competition: Image-Guided TMS Enhances Contralateral Target Selection

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Bosch ◽  
S. F. W. Neggers ◽  
S. Van der Stigchel
Keyword(s):  
Target Selection ◽  
Frontal Eye Fields ◽  
Image Guided
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