scholarly journals The role of local image statistics in separating figure from ground

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 124a
Author(s):  
Jonathan Victor ◽  
Mary M Conte
Keyword(s):  
Image Statistics ◽  
Local Image

scholarly journals Analyzing local image statistics via maximum-entropy constructions

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Victor ◽  
Daniel Thengone ◽  
Mary Conte
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Image Statistics ◽  
Local Image

When Scenes Look Like Materials: René Magritte’s Reversible Figure–Ground Motif

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 299-310
Author(s):  
J. Brendan Ritchie ◽  
Benjamin van Buren
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Perceptual Organization ◽  
Scene Perception ◽  
Reversible Figure ◽  
Image Statistics ◽  
Figural Region ◽  
Frequent Motif ◽  
Visual Segmentation ◽  
Positive Space

We draw attention to a frequent motif in the work of the Belgian surrealist René Magritte (1898–1967). In the motif, a scene is depicted that contains a silhouette, which itself contains another depicted scene. The silhouette is bistable, appearing either as a figural region whose positive space is covered, or filled, with the interior scene texture, or as a ground region providing a window onto a more distant scene. We call this the ‘reversible figure–ground motif’. Because the stimulus does not change when our percept changes, the motif’s appearance at any particular moment cannot be explained by its local or global image statistics. Instead principles of perceptual organization, and in particular image segmentation and figure–ground assignment, appear crucial for determining whether the interior of the silhouette is processed as a material vs. a scene — which in turn reflects the fundamental role of visual segmentation in material and scene perception more generally.

scholarly journals The Role of Small Towns in Local Place Making

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadett Csurgó ◽  
Boldizsár Megyesi
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
Place Making ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Image Building ◽  
Innovative Capacity ◽  
Local Image

Abstract Self-promotion and reinterpretation of local identity is becoming increasingly important in rural communities. Local identity building is succeeded very differently by rural municipalities and regions. The paper analyses the role of small towns in local identity creation. There are varying interpretations of places in Hungary as ways of achieving meaningful territorialisation. Small towns based on their leading and central position within the micro regions can dominate the place-making processes. Using the example of six Hungarian rural micro-regions we analyse how rural small towns position themselves by local image building. The aim of this paper is to investigate interactions between territorial position and innovative capacity of rural towns through the analysis of symbolisation process and image building. We purpose to introduce a concept of a place oriented approach and demonstrate its usefulness for analysis of rural innovation and place-based development. The case-studies are based on qualitative methods: document-analysis, semi-structured interviews, transect walking and participatory observation. The paper analyses the process of local community and identity building in six rural micro-regions. We seek to understand how small towns position themselves in place-making, the aim of ‘placing’ themselves in the territorial hierarchy of the settlements of micro region. Our results suggest that small towns play very different roles in local image building. Characteristics and territorial scope of local cultural heritage significantly determine the innovative capacity of small towns in local image building where there is a wide range of meanings procedures and processes of place-making.

scholarly journals Systematic differences between visually-relevant global and local image statistics of brain MRI and natural scenes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueyang Xu ◽  
Ashish Raj ◽  
Jonathan Victor ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Human Visual System ◽  
Image Formation ◽  
Natural Images ◽  
Natural Image ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Image Statistics ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Local Image

AbstractAn important heuristic in developing image processing technologies is to mimic the computational strategies used by humans. Relevant to this, recent studies have shown that the human brain’s processing strategy is closely matched to the characteristics of natural scenes, both in terms of global and local image statistics. However, structural MRI images and natural scenes have fundamental differences: the former are two-dimensional sections through a volume, the latter are projections. MRI image formation is also radically different from natural image formation, involving acquisition in Fourier space, followed by several filtering and processing steps that all have the potential to alter image statistics. As a consequence, aspects of the human visual system that are finely-tuned to processing natural scenes may not be equally well-suited for MRI images, and identification of the differences between MRI images and natural scenes may lead to improved machine analysis of MRI.With these considerations in mind, we analyzed spectra and local image statistics of MRI images in several databases including T1 and FLAIR sequence types and of simulated MRI images,[1]–[6] and compared this analysis to a parallel analysis of natural images[7] and visual sensitivity[7][8]. We found substantial differences between the statistical features of MRI images and natural images. Power spectra of MRI images had a steeper slope than that of natural images, indicating a lack of scale invariance. Independent of this, local image statistics of MRI and natural images differed: compared to natural images, MRI images had smaller variations in their local two-point statistics and larger variations in their local three-point statistics – to which the human visual system is relatively insensitive. Our findings were consistent across MRI databases and simulated MRI images, suggesting that they result from brain geometry at the scale of MRI resolution, rather than characteristics of specific imaging and reconstruction methods.

scholarly journals Local image statistics: A highly conserved perceptual space encompassing statistics of low and high order

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1233-1233
Author(s):  
J. Victor ◽  
D. Thengone ◽  
C. Chubb ◽  
M. Conte
Keyword(s):  
High Order ◽  
Perceptual Space ◽  
Image Statistics ◽  
Local Image

scholarly journals Local image statistics have a perceptual metric that is nearly Euclidean

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 97-97
Author(s):  
J. Victor ◽  
D. Thengone ◽  
M. Conte
Keyword(s):  
Image Statistics ◽  
Local Image

scholarly journals Aesthetics of Graffiti: Comparison to Text-Based and Pictorial Artforms

2020 ◽  
pp. 027623742095141
Author(s):  
Rebecca Chamberlain ◽  
Caitlin Mullin ◽  
Daniel Berio ◽  
Frederic Fol Leymarie ◽  
Johan Wagemans
Keyword(s):  
Visual Art ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Global Structure ◽  
Statistical Properties ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Image Statistics ◽  
Fine Detail ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Controversial Art

Graffiti art is a controversial art form, and as such there has been little empirical work assessing its aesthetic value. A recent study examined image statistical properties of text-based artwork and revealed that images of text contain less global structure relative to fine detail compared to artworks. However, previous research did not include graffiti tags or murals, which reside in the space between text and visual art. The current study investigated the image statistical properties and attractiveness of graffiti relative to other text-based and pictorial art forms, focusing additionally on the role of expertise. A series of images (N = 140; graffiti, text and paintings) were presented to a group of observers with varying degrees of art interest and expertise ( N = 169). Findings revealed that image statistics predicted attractiveness ratings to images, and that biases against graffiti art are less salient in an expert sample.

Fixation Duration Is Related to Local Image Statistics During Real-World Scene Viewing

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Brockmole ◽  
Michael L. Mack ◽  
Monica S. Castelhano ◽  
Aude Oliva ◽  
John M. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Image Statistics ◽  
Scene Viewing ◽  
Local Image
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