scholarly journals Temporal property of the density-size adaptation effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 121d
Author(s):  
Rumi Hisakata ◽  
Hirohiko Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Adaptation Effect ◽  
Temporal Property

scholarly journals Temporal enhancement of cross-adaptation between density and size perception based on the theory of magnitude

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumi Hisakata ◽  
Hirohiko Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Internal Representation ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Adaptation Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Size Perception ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Temporal Property ◽  
Staircase Method ◽  
Cross Adaptation

AbstractThe estimation of spatial distances is one of the most important perceptual outputs of vision and can easily be deduced even with detached objects. However, how the visual system encodes distances between objects and object sizes is unclear. Hisakata, Nishida, and Johnston (2016) reported a new adaptation effect, in which the perceived distance between objects and the size of an object shrink after adaptation to a dense texture. They proposed that the internal representation of density plays a role in a spatial metric system that measures distance and size. According to the theory of magnitude (Walsh, 2003), the estimation of spatial extent (distance and size) shares common metrics with the estimation of temporal length and numerosity magnitudes and is processed at the same stage. Here, we show the existence of temporal enhancement in cross-adaptation between density and size perception. We used the staircase method to measure the temporal property. The test stimuli were two circles, and the adapting stimulus had a dotted texture. The adapting texture refreshed every 100 or 300 ms, or not at all (static), during the adaptation. The results showed that the aftereffects from a refreshing stimulus were larger than those under the static condition. On the other hand, density adaptation lacked such enhancement. This result indicates that repetitive presentation of an adapting texture enhanced the density–size cross-aftereffect. According to the theory of magnitude, a common mechanism encodes spatial and temporal magnitude estimation and the adaptation to temporal density explains this cross-adaptation enhancement.

The conflict adaptation effect in Parkinson's disease: a study with EEG

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Rustamov ◽  
R Rodriguez-Raecke ◽  
B Kopp ◽  
L Timm ◽  
R Dengler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Adaptation Effect ◽  
Conflict Adaptation

scholarly journals Menaquinone-mediated regulation of membrane fluidity is relevant for fitness of Listeria monocytogenes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Flegler ◽  
Vanessa Kombeitz ◽  
André Lipski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Membrane Fluidity ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Lipid Membrane ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Adaptation Effect ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Lower Growth

AbstractListeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen with the ability to grow at low temperatures down to − 0.4 °C. Maintaining cytoplasmic membrane fluidity by changing the lipid membrane composition is important during growth at low temperatures. In Listeria monocytogenes, the dominant adaptation effect is the fluidization of the membrane by shortening of fatty acid chain length. In some strains, however, an additional response is the increase in menaquinone content during growth at low temperatures. The increase of this neutral lipid leads to fluidization of the membrane and thus represents a mechanism that is complementary to the fatty acid-mediated modification of membrane fluidity. This study demonstrated that the reduction of menaquinone content for Listeria monocytogenes strains resulted in significantly lower resistance to temperature stress and lower growth rates compared to unaffected control cultures after growth at 6 °C. Menaquinone content was reduced by supplementation with aromatic amino acids, which led to a feedback inhibition of the menaquinone synthesis. Menaquinone-reduced Listeria monocytogenes strains showed reduced bacterial cell fitness. This confirmed the adaptive function of menaquinones for growth at low temperatures of this pathogen.

Granite: A distributed engine for scalable path queries over temporal property graphs

2021 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 94-111
Author(s):  
Shriram Ramesh ◽  
Animesh Baranawal ◽  
Yogesh Simmhan
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Property ◽  
Path Queries

fMRI–Adaptation Studies of Viewpoint Tuning in the Extrastriate and Fusiform Body Areas

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 1467-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Taylor ◽  
Alison J. Wiggett ◽  
Paul E. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Adaptation Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Adaptation Studies ◽  
View Invariance ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Fmri Adaptation

People are easily able to perceive the human body across different viewpoints, but the neural mechanisms underpinning this ability are currently unclear. In three experiments, we used functional MRI (fMRI) adaptation to study the view-invariance of representations in two cortical regions that have previously been shown to be sensitive to visual depictions of the human body—the extrastriate and fusiform body areas (EBA and FBA). The BOLD response to sequentially presented pairs of bodies was treated as an index of view invariance. Specifically, we compared trials in which the bodies in each image held identical poses (seen from different views) to trials containing different poses. EBA and FBA adapted to identical views of the same pose, and both showed a progressive rebound from adaptation as a function of the angular difference between views, up to ∼30°. However, these adaptation effects were eliminated when the body stimuli were followed by a pattern mask. Delaying the mask onset increased the response (but not the adaptation effect) in EBA, leaving FBA unaffected. We interpret these masking effects as evidence that view-dependent fMRI adaptation is driven by later waves of neuronal responses in the regions of interest. Finally, in a whole brain analysis, we identified an anterior region of the left inferior temporal sulcus (l-aITS) that responded linearly to stimulus rotation, but showed no selectivity for bodies. Our results show that body-selective cortical areas exhibit a similar degree of view-invariance as other object selective areas—such as the lateral occipitotemporal area (LO) and posterior fusiform gyrus (pFs).

Frequency of Stuttering Following Repeated Unison Readings

1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Art Frank ◽  
Oliver Bloodstein
Keyword(s):  
Oral Reading ◽  
Adaptation Effect ◽  
Motor Plan ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Adaptation Phenomenon

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the decrease in stuttering which usually accompanies repeated oral readings of a passage (adaptation effect) requires the occurrence of stuttering, as is implied by almost all theories which have been advanced to explain the effect. Fifteen stutterers performed five relatively fluent readings of a 200-word passage in unison with an experimenter and a sixth reading independently. The amount of stuttering in the sixth reading was found to be essentially the same as in the sixth reading of an ordinary adaptation series by the same subjects. The inference was drawn that the adaptation effect is primarily adaptation to oral reading as such rather than to stuttering. It was suggested that the adaptation phenomenon results from rehearsal of the motor plan.

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