scholarly journals Pupil dilation as a predictor of perceptual capacity in subitizing

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 105a
Author(s):  
Joshua O Eayrs ◽  
Nilli Lavie
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Perceptual Capacity

Oxytocin-Based Health Information Priming Does Not Impact Categorization of Others into Social Groups

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda Lynn Groft ◽  
Nathan Pistory ◽  
Rachel Hardy ◽  
Peter Joseph McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Written Information ◽  
Race Politics ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lay Public

With the proliferation of neuroscience-related messages in popular media, it is more important than ever to understand their impact on the lay public. Previous research has found that people believed news stories more when irrelevant neuroscientific explanations were added. We sought to reveal whether such information could cause a change in social behavior. Specifically, based on publicized findings of the relationship between social behavior and the neurotransmitter oxytocin, we proposed that participants would accept more strangers into their in-group, or alternatively decrease in-group size, if told that there were oxytocin-based (relative to psychological construct-based) health benefits for doing so. In two tasks, participants were shown faces and written information about stimuli that could match their race, politics, and religion to varying degrees. In spite of evidence that participants processed the primes, and were sensitive to their level of similarity with stimuli, oxytocin-based priming did not alter categorization, or pupil dilation. It did not alter cross-race viewing behavior, as measured by an eye tracker, in consistent ways. Unexpectedly, pupil dilation increased when viewing stimuli of the same religion, an effect entirely related to White liberal Christians viewing other Christians. Overall, these results suggest that neuroscience information may impact some judgments, but lay people will not alter their likelihood of acceptance of strangers simply because they were primed with a neuroscience- (or more specifically, neurotransmitter-) based reason for doing so.

scholarly journals Decision-related pupil dilation reflects upcoming choice and individual bias

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. E618-E625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Willem de Gee ◽  
Tomas Knapen ◽  
Tobias H. Donner
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Dilation

scholarly journals Listener’s personality traits predict changes in pupil size during auditory language comprehension

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabell Hubert Lyall ◽  
Juhani Järvikivi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Pupillary Responses ◽  
Grammatical Errors

AbstractResearch suggests that listeners’ comprehension of spoken language is concurrently affected by linguistic and non-linguistic factors, including individual difference factors. However, there is no systematic research on whether general personality traits affect language processing. We correlated 88 native English-speaking participants’ Big-5 traits with their pupillary responses to spoken sentences that included grammatical errors, "He frequently have burgers for dinner"; semantic anomalies, "Dogs sometimes chase teas"; and statements incongruent with gender stereotyped expectations, such as "I sometimes buy my bras at Hudson's Bay", spoken by a male speaker. Generalized additive mixed models showed that the listener's Openness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism traits modulated resource allocation to the three different types of unexpected stimuli. No personality trait affected changes in pupil size across the board: less open participants showed greater pupil dilation when processing sentences with grammatical errors; and more introverted listeners showed greater pupil dilation in response to both semantic anomalies and socio-cultural clashes. Our study is the first one demonstrating that personality traits systematically modulate listeners’ online language processing. Our results suggest that individuals with different personality profiles exhibit different patterns of the allocation of cognitive resources during real-time language comprehension.

Effect of Pharmacologic Pupil Dilation on OLCR Optical Biometry Measurements for IOL Predictions

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Arriola-Villalobos ◽  
David Díaz-Valle ◽  
Nuria Garzon ◽  
Jorge Ruiz-Medrano ◽  
Cristina Fernández-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Optical Biometry

scholarly journals Pupil Dilation with Intracameral Epinephrine Hydrochloride during Phacoemulsification and Intraocular Lens Implantation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-Yong Yu ◽  
Hua Guo ◽  
Qin-Mei Wang ◽  
Fang-Jun Bao ◽  
Jing-Hai Huang
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Lens ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Surgical Performance ◽  
Corneal Incision ◽  
Iol Implantation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Contralateral Eye ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Time Point

Objective. To investigate mydriatic effect of intracamerally injected epinephrine hydrochloride during phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.Methods. Eighteen cataract patients for bilateral phacoemulsification were enrolled. To dilate pupil, one eye was randomly selected to receive intracamerally 1 mL epinephrine hydrochloride 0.001% for 1 minute after corneal incision (intracameral group), and the contralateral eye received 3 drops of compound tropicamide 0.5% and phenylephrine 0.5% at 5-minute intervals 30 minutes before surgery (topical group). Pupil diameters were measured before corneal incision, before ophthalmic viscoelastic device (OVD) injection, after OVD injection, before IOL implantation, and at the end of surgery.Results. At each time point, the mean pupil diameter in the intracameral group was2.20±0.08,5.09±0.20,6.76±0.19,6.48±0.18, and5.97±0.24 mm, respectively, and in the topical group it was7.98±0.15,7.98±0.15,8.53±0.14,8.27±0.16, and7.93±0.20 mm, respectively. The topical group consistently had larger mydriatic effects than the intracameral group (P<0.05). The onset of mydriatic effect was rapid in the intracameral group. There was no difference in surgical performance or other parameters between groups.Conclusions. Intracameral epinephrine hydrochloride appears to be an alternative to the mydriatic modalities for phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. In comparison with topical mydriatics, intracameral epinephrine hydrochloride offers easier preoperative preparation, more rapid pupil dilation, and comparable surgical performance.

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