scholarly journals Lightness matching and perceptual similarity

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushbu Y. Patel ◽  
Anudhi P. Munasinghe ◽  
Richard F. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Similarity

The Effect of Outcome Probability on Generalization in Predictive Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadar Ram ◽  
Dieter Struyf ◽  
Bram Vervliet ◽  
Gal Menahem ◽  
Nira Liberman
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Perceptual Similarity ◽  
Learning Paradigm ◽  
Predictive Learning ◽  
Lightning Bolt ◽  
Outcome Probability

Abstract. People apply what they learn from experience not only to the experienced stimuli, but also to novel stimuli. But what determines how widely people generalize what they have learned? Using a predictive learning paradigm, we examined the hypothesis that a low (vs. high) probability of an outcome following a predicting stimulus would widen generalization. In three experiments, participants learned which stimulus predicted an outcome (S+) and which stimulus did not (S−) and then indicated how much they expected the outcome after each of eight novel stimuli ranging in perceptual similarity to S+ and S−. The stimuli were rings of different sizes and the outcome was a picture of a lightning bolt. As hypothesized, a lower probability of the outcome widened generalization. That is, novel stimuli that were similar to S+ (but not to S−) produced expectations for the outcome that were as high as those associated with S+.

The perceptual similarity of orb-spider prey lures and flower colours

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. White ◽  
Rhiannon L. Dalrymple ◽  
Marie E. Herberstein ◽  
Darrell J. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Similarity ◽  
Flower Colours

scholarly journals Word-based categorization in 14 to 16 month-old infants: Evidence from a Slavic language

Psihologija ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Tutnjevic ◽  
Sinisa Lakic
Keyword(s):  
Object Manipulation ◽  
Chance Level ◽  
Slavic Language ◽  
Perceptual Similarity ◽  
Similar Shape ◽  
Novel Objects ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Manipulation Task ◽  
Unknown Objects

We investigate early word-based categorization by testing one sample of infants at the ages of 14 and 16 months using an object manipulation task. Specifically, we investigate the facilitating effect of labeling on: a) categorization of unknown objects with a shared label and a similar shape; b) categorization of unknown objects with a shared label, but no perceptual similarity. The results indicate that an average infant can categorize novel objects with a similar shape and a shared label starting at 16 months of age. Categorization of novel objects with a shared label but no perceptual similarity is at chance level at both ages. These results confirm and extend previous research findings to a new language.

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