scholarly journals Visual plasticity induced by short-term monocular deprivation recovers without visual input

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 939
Author(s):  
Seung Hyun Min ◽  
Alex Baldwin ◽  
Robert Hess
Keyword(s):  
Visual Input ◽  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Visual Plasticity

The long-term effectiveness of different regimens of occlusion on recovery from early monocular deprivation in kittens

1991 ◽  
Vol 333 (1266) ◽  
pp. 51-79 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Period ◽  
Visual Input ◽  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Vernier Acuity ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Visual Exposure ◽  
Part Time

Although the behavioural effects of an early period of monocular deprivation imposed on kittens can be very severe, resembling an extreme form of the human clinical condition deprivation amblyopia, they are not necessarily irreversible. Considerable behavioural as well as physiological recovery can occur if normal visual input is restored to the deprived eye sufficiently early, particularly if the other (initially nondeprived) eye is occluded at the same time (reverse occlusion). However, past work has shown that in many situations the improvement in the vision of the initially deprived eye that occurs during reverse occlusion is not retained following the subsequent introduction of binocular visual input. Furthermore, the vision of the other eye is often reduced as well, with the result that the eventual outcome is a condition of bilateral amblyopia. This study first examines the consequences of several periods of reverse occlusion whose onset and duration would be thought to maximize the opportunity for good and long-standing recovery of vision in the initially deprived eye. However, only in a very restricted set of exposure conditions did animals acquire good vision in one or both eyes; in most situations the final outcome was one of bilateral amblyopia. A second set of experiments examined the consequences of various regimens of part-time reverse occlusion, where the initially non-deprived eye was occluded for only part of each day to allow a period of binocular visual exposure, on kittens that had been monocularly deprived until 6, 8, 10 or 12 weeks of age. Whereas short or long daily periods of occlusion of the initially non-deprived eye resulted eventually in amblyopia in one, or usually both, eyes, certain intermediate occlusion times (3.5 or 5 h each day) resulted in recovery of normal acuities, contrast sensitivity and vernier acuity in both eyes, in animals that had been monocularly deprived until 6, 8 or 10 weeks of age, but not in animals deprived for longer periods. Experiments were done to establish some of the factors that contributed to the successful outcome associated with certain of the regimens of part-time reverse occlusion. It was established that recovery was just as good in animals in which the visual axes were vertically misaligned by means of prisms during the daily period of binocular visual exposure, thereby indicating that the visual input to the two eyes need not be concordant. However, animals that received equivalent visual exposure of the two eyes each day, but successively rather than simultaneously, all developed very severe bilateral amblyopia. It would appear that for recovery to occur is necessary for the two eyes to receive simultaneous, but not necessarily concordant, visual exposure. These findings hold important implications for the nature of the mechanisms responsible for the dramatic behavioural changes associated with monocular deprivation and reverse occlusion, and for the clinical treatment of various forms of amblyopia in human infants.

scholarly journals Short-term plasticity of the human adult visual cortex measured with 7T BOLD

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Binda ◽  
Jan W. Kurzawski ◽  
Claudia Lunghi ◽  
Laura Biagi ◽  
Michela Tosetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Ocular Dominance ◽  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
Homeostatic Plasticity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Parvocellular Pathway ◽  
Human Adult ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Ventral Pathway

AbstractVisual cortex, particularly V1, is considered to be resilient to plastic changes in adults. In particular, ocular dominance is assumed to be hard-wired after the end of the critical period. We show that short-term (2h) monocular deprivation in adult humans boosts the BOLD response to the deprived eye, changing ocular dominance of V1 vertices, consistently with homeostatic plasticity. The boost is strongest in V1, present in V2, V3 & V4 but absent in V3a and MT. Assessment of spatial frequency tuning in V1 by a population Receptive-Field technique shows that deprivation primarily boosts high spatial frequencies, consistent with a primary involvement of the parvocellular pathway. Crucially, the V1 deprivation effect correlates across participants with the perceptual increase of the deprived eye dominance assessed with binocular rivalry, suggesting a common origin. Our results demonstrate that visual cortex, particularly the ventral pathway, retains a high potential for homeostatic plasticity in the human adult.

scholarly journals Short-term monocular deprivation reduces inter ocular surround suppression

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Serrano-Pedraza ◽  
Sandra Arranz-Paraíso ◽  
Verónica Romero-Ferreiro ◽  
Jenny Read ◽  
Holly Bridge
Keyword(s):  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
Surround Suppression ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Lateral Masking Reveals Effects of Invading Activity of Short-Term Visual Plasticity

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 656-656
Author(s):  
D. Currey ◽  
M. Gannon ◽  
N. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Visual Plasticity ◽  
Lateral Masking

scholarly journals BINOCULAR FUSION DURING RIVALRY INCREASES AFTER SHORT TERM MONOCULAR DEPRIVATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Yasha Sheynin ◽  
Sebastien Proulx ◽  
Robert Hess
Keyword(s):  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Binocular Fusion

scholarly journals Monocular vision is intrinsically unstable: a side-effect of binocular homeostasis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Reynaud ◽  
Kévin Blaize ◽  
Frédéric Chavane ◽  
Robert F. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
Monocular Vision ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contrast Threshold ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Inhibitory Circuits ◽  
Contrast Gain ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIt is now accepted that short-term deprivation of one eye in adults results in not only a post-deprivation strengthening of the vision in the previously deprived eye but also a deterioration in the vision of the previously non-patched eye. Such monocular deprivation of 1-2 hours induces changes that last approximately 30-90 minutes. There is some support for this neuroplastic effect being the consequence of a change in the contrast gain within the binocular circuity. What is not known is when these changes in gain are initiated. One possibility is that they are initiated only once the patch is removed. The other possibility is that they are the result of a slow build up from the moment the patch is first applied.In this study, we measure monocular contrast detection thresholds of the non-deprived eye over time during the deprivation of the other eye. We show that contrast threshold increases over time during the deprivation of the other eye. This observation suggest that the patching effect is mediated by a slow build up over the deprivation period: reducing the vision of the non-deprived eye and enhancing the vision of the deprived eye reflecting reciprocal changes in sensitivity. These results highlight a hitherto unknown feature of human vision, namely that monocular vision per se is intrinsically unstable which is a consequence of the reciprocal inhibitory circuits that homeostatically regulate binocular vision. This questions a whole corpus of studies of visual function that rely on the assumption that monocular vision is intrinsically stable.

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