scholarly journals Attentional responses while looking for changes: effect of pathological ageing.

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 706
Author(s):  
Moreno Coco ◽  
Carolina Maruta ◽  
Mário Carvalho ◽  
Catarina Campos ◽  
José Santos Victor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Responses

scholarly journals Avoiding Math on a Rapid Timescale: Emotional Responsivity and Anxious Attention in Math Anxiety

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel G. Pizzie ◽  
David J.M. Kraemer
Keyword(s):  
Math Anxiety ◽  
Attentional Disengagement ◽  
Attentional Deployment ◽  
Mathematical Symbols ◽  
Amygdala Response ◽  
Attentional Engagement ◽  
Attentional Avoidance ◽  
Threat Avoidance ◽  
Attentional Responses ◽  
Negative Feelings

AbstractMath anxiety (MA) is characterized by negative feelings towards mathematics, resulting in avoidance of math classes and of careers that rely on mathematical skills. Focused on a long timescale, this research may miss important cognitive and affective processes that operate moment-to-moment, changing rapid reactions even when a student simply sees a math problem. Here, using fMRI with an attentional deployment paradigm, we show that MA influences rapid spontaneous emotional and attentional responses to mathematical stimuli upon brief presentation. Critically, participants viewed but did not attempt to solve the problems. Indicating increased threat reactivity to even brief presentations of math problems, increased MA was associated with increased amygdala response during math viewing trials. Functionally and anatomically defined amygdala ROIs yielded similar results, indicating robustness of the finding. Similar to the pattern of vigilance and avoidance observed in specific phobia, behavioral results of the attentional paradigm demonstrated that MA is associated with attentional disengagement for mathematical symbols. This attentional avoidance is specific to math stimuli; when viewing negatively-valenced images, MA is correlated with attentional engagement, similar to other forms of anxiety. These results indicate that even brief exposure to mathematics triggers a neural response related to threat avoidance in highly MA individuals.

scholarly journals Alcohol-related Attentional Bias Variability and Conflicting Automatic Associations

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 204380871877963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Gladwin ◽  
Matthijs Vink
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Risky Drinking ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Social Drinkers ◽  
Visual Probe ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Automatic Associations ◽  
Attentional Responses

Attentional bias variability may be related to alcohol abuse. Of potential use for studying variability is the anticipatory attentional bias: Bias due to the locations of predictively-cued rather than already-presented stimuli. The hypothesis was tested that conflicting automatic associations are related to attentional bias variability. Further, relationships were explored between anticipatory biases and individual differences related to alcohol use. 74 social drinkers performed a cued Visual Probe Task and univalent Single-Target Implicit Associations Tasks. Questionnaires were completed on risky drinking, craving, and motivations to drink or refrain from drinking. Conflict was related to attentional bias variability at the 800 ms Cue-Stimulus Interval. Further, a bias related to craving and risky drinking was found at the 400 ms Cue-Stimulus Interval. Thus, the selection of attentional responses was biased by predicted locations of expected salient stimuli. The results support a role of conflicting associations in attentional bias variability.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the role of the colour tent in vision stimulation for children with complex disabilities and cerebral visual impairment: A feasibility study

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
Rachel Fiona Pilling ◽  
Suzanne Mary Little
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Sustained Effect ◽  
Visual Behaviour ◽  
Attentional Responses ◽  
Cerebral Visual Impairment

Children with profound and multiple disabilities commonly have their visual impairment overlooked when seeking to meet their complex health needs. The act of surrounding a child with little or no apparent visual function by a monochromatic translucent tent can serve to ‘switch on’ a child’s visual system. The aim of the project was to investigate the role of using colour tents to bring about attentional responses in children with complex disabilities including cerebral visual impairment. The evaluation comprises three phases, repeated on four occasions over the space of 4 weeks. The child’s visual attention prior to entering the tent and during the 5 minutes after leaving the tent was recorded. Moreover, the child’s responses and behaviours while in the tent were recorded. Nine children participated in the evaluation, mean age 6 years (range: 5–9 years). All children showed a change in visual behaviour on at least one occasion while in the colour tent. Most children required more than one session before a change in visual behaviour was noted. Only two children showed increase in visual awareness after any session, and there was no sustained effect demonstrated. This feasibility study has demonstrated that a short series of sessions in a colour tent is insufficient to demonstrate the effectiveness of a colour tent in stimulating visual awareness in children with complex needs. The methodology was acceptable to parents and teachers and lessons have been learned which will inform future studies.

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND ATTENTIONAL RESPONSES IN COLLEGE ATHLETES AFTER MILD CONCUSSION

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. S198
Author(s):  
K M. Johnston ◽  
M E. Lavoie ◽  
F Dupuis ◽  
M Lassonde
Keyword(s):  
College Athletes ◽  
Attentional Responses

Self-esteem modulates attentional responses to rejection: Evidence from event-related brain potentials

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijiang Li ◽  
Virgil Zeigler-Hill ◽  
Junlong Luo ◽  
Juan Yang ◽  
Qinglin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Attentional Responses

Frontal attentional responses to food size are abnormal in obese subjects: An electroencephalographic study

2009 ◽  
Vol 120 (8) ◽  
pp. 1441-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Babiloni ◽  
Claudio Del Percio ◽  
Anna Valenzano ◽  
Nicola Marzano ◽  
Mario De Rosas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Size ◽  
Electroencephalographic Study ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Attentional Responses

Infants' Attentional Responses to Frequency Modulated Sweeps

1986 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Colombo ◽  
Frances Degen Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Responses

scholarly journals Attending to the possibilities of action

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1628) ◽  
pp. 20130059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glyn W. Humphreys ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Eun Young Yoon ◽  
Melanie Wulff ◽  
Katherine L. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Response Component ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Attentional Responses ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Contralesional Side

Actions taking place in the environment are critical for our survival. We review evidence on attention to action, drawing on sets of converging evidence from neuropsychological patients through to studies of the time course and neural locus of action-based cueing of attention in normal observers. We show that the presence of action relations between stimuli helps reduce visual extinction in patients with limited attention to the contralesional side of space, while the first saccades made by normal observers and early perceptual and attentional responses measured using electroencephalography/event-related potentials are modulated by preparation of action and by seeing objects being grasped correctly or incorrectly for action. With both normal observers and patients, there is evidence for two components to these effects based on both visual perceptual and motor-based responses. While the perceptual responses reflect factors such as the visual familiarity of the action-related information, the motor response component is determined by factors such as the alignment of the objects with the observer's effectors and not by the visual familiarity of the stimuli. In addition to this, we suggest that action relations between stimuli can be coded pre-attentively, in the absence of attention to the stimulus, and action relations cue perceptual and motor responses rapidly and automatically. At present, formal theories of visual attention are not set up to account for these action-related effects; we suggest ways that theories could be expected to enable action effects to be incorporated.

Use of Constant Time Delay and Attentional Responses with Adolescents

1991 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 462-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wolery ◽  
Catherine A. Cybriwsky ◽  
David L. Gast ◽  
Kathy Boyle-Gast
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Constant Time Delay ◽  
Constant Time ◽  
Attentional Responses
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