scholarly journals Cortical Control of Eye Movements in Natural Tasks

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Jessica Goold ◽  
Wonil Choi ◽  
John Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Cortical Control ◽  
Natural Tasks

Look-ahead fixations: anticipatory eye movements in natural tasks

2006 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Mennie ◽  
Mary Hayhoe ◽  
Brian Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Anticipatory Eye Movements ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Natural Tasks

Cortical Control of Eye Movements

2009 ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H. Schiller ◽  
E.J. Tehovnik
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Cortical Control

Cortical control of eye movements in natural reading: Evidence from MVPA

2019 ◽  
Vol 237 (12) ◽  
pp. 3099-3107
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Goold ◽  
Wonil Choi ◽  
John M. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Cortical Control

Memory Representations in Natural Tasks

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana H. Ballard ◽  
Mary M. Hayhoe ◽  
Jeff B. Pelz
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Natural Tasks

The very limited capacity of short-term or working memory is one of the most prominent features of human cognition. Most studies have stressed delimiting the upper bounds of this memory in memorization tasks rather than the performance of everyday tasks. We designed a series of experiments to test the use of short-term memory in the course of a natural hand-eye task where subjects have the freedom to choose their own task parameters. In this case subjects choose not to operate at the maximum capacity of short-term memory but instead seek to minimize its use. In particular, reducing the instantaneous memory required to perform the task can be done by serializing the task with eye movements. These eye movements allow subjects to postpone the gathering of task-relevant information until just before it is required. The reluctance to use short-term memory can be explained if such memory is expensive to use with respect to the cost of the serializing strategy.

scholarly journals Single unit activity in marmoset posterior parietal cortex in a gap saccade task

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liya Ma ◽  
Janahan Selvanayagam ◽  
Maryam Ghahremani ◽  
Lauren K. Hayrynen ◽  
Kevin D. Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Neuronal Population ◽  
Single Unit Activity ◽  
Cortical Control ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Saccadic Reaction Times

ABSTRACTAbnormal saccadic eye movements can serve as biomarkers for patients with several neuropsychiatric disorders. To investigate cortical control mechanisms of saccadic responses, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a promising non-human primate model. Their lissencephalic brain allows for accurate targeting of homologues of sulcal areas in the macaque brain. Here we recorded single unit activity in the posterior parietal cortex of two marmosets using chronic microelectrode arrays, while the monkeys performed a saccadic task with Gap trials (stimulus onset lagged fixation point offset by 200ms) interleaved with Step trials (fixation point disappeared when the peripheral stimulus appeared). Both marmosets showed a gap effect—shorter saccadic reaction times (SRTs) in Gap vs. Step trials. On average, stronger gap-period response across the entire neuronal population preceded shorter SRTs on trials with contralateral targets, although this correlation was stronger among the 15% ‘gap neurons’, which responded significantly during the gap. We also found 39% ‘target neurons’ with significant visual target-related responses, which were stronger in Gap trials and correlated with the SRTs better than the remaining cells. Compared with slow saccades, fast saccades were preceded by both stronger gap-related and target-related response in all PPC neurons, regardless of whether such response reached significance. Our findings suggest that the PPC in the marmoset contains an area that is involved in the modulation of saccadic preparation and plays roles comparable to those of area LIP in macaque monkeys in eye movements.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAbnormal saccadic eye movements can serve as biomarkers for different neuropsychiatric disorders. So far, processes of cerebral cortical control of saccades are not fully understood. Non-human primates are ideal models for studying such processes, and the marmoset is especially advantageous since their smooth cortex permits laminar analyses of cortical microcircuits. Using electrode arrays implanted in the posterior parietal cortex of marmosets, we found neurons responsive to key periods of a saccadic task in a manner that contribute to cortical modulation of saccadic preparation. Notably, this signal was correlated with subsequent saccadic reaction times and was present in the entire neuronal population. We suggest that the marmoset model will shed new light on the cortical mechanisms of saccadic control.

Bárány’s Life in Uppsala and His Work with Lorente de Nó

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Baloh
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Reticular Formation ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Vestibular Nystagmus ◽  
Cortical Control ◽  
Abducens Nucleus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Voluntary Eye Movements

Lorente de Nó came to Uppsala, Sweden, in 1924 to work with Robert Bárány, with the goal of studying the central nervous system pathways of the vestibular nystagmus response. Bárány’s 1907 book described a patient with a lesion involving the reticular formation of the pons close to the abducens nucleus who could generate only the slow phase of nystagmus. With stimulation, the patient’s eyes slowly deviated to one side and became pinned. The patient also had a loss of voluntary eye movements. Bárány concluded that there must be separate centers in the brainstem for the production of the slow and fast phases of nystagmus. He speculated that the center for generating fast phases was in the reticular substance next to the abducens nucleus and that this component was under the influence of cortical control. Nó would go on to perform studies of these central pathways for generating nystagmus in rabbit.

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