scholarly journals Effects of visual search target-distractor congruence on stimulus-response mapping in macaques: Saccade timing and vigor

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1213
Author(s):  
Thomas Reppert ◽  
Kaleb Lowe ◽  
Jeffrey Schall
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Response Mapping ◽  
Stimulus Response

scholarly journals Selective Influence and Sequential Operations: A Research Strategy for Visual Search

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaleb A. Lowe ◽  
Thomas R. Reppert ◽  
Jeffrey D Schall
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Response Mapping ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Singleton Distractor ◽  
Visual Encoding ◽  
Processing Architectures ◽  
Selective Influence

ABSTRACTWe introduce conceptually and empirically a powerful but underutilized experimental approach to dissect the cognitive processes supporting performance of a visual search task with factorial manipulations of singleton-distractor identifiability and stimulus-response cue discriminability. We show that systems factorial technology can distinguish processing architectures from the performance of macaque monkeys. This demonstration offers new opportunities to distinguish neural mechanisms through selective manipulation of visual encoding, search selection, rule encoding, and stimulus-response mapping.

Sensorimotor Locus of the Buildup Activity in Monkey Lateral Intraparietal Area Neurons

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 2664-2674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonkoo Park ◽  
Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Firing Activity ◽  
Motor Representation ◽  
Lateral Intraparietal Area ◽  
Response Mapping ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Dot Motion

A study in 2002 using a random-dot motion-discrimination paradigm showed that an information accumulation model with a threshold-crossing mechanism can account for activity of the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) neurons. Here, mathematical techniques were applied to the same dataset to quantitatively address the sensory versus motor representation of the neuronal activity during the time course of a trial. A technique based on Signal Detection Theory was applied to provide indices to quantify how neuronal firing activity is responsible for encoding the stimulus or selecting the response at the behavioral level. Additionally, a statistical model based on Poisson regression was used to provide an orthogonal decomposition of the neural activity into stimulus, response, and stimulus-response mapping components. The temporal dynamics of the sensorimotor locus of the LIP activity indicated that there is no stimulus-response mapping-specific neuronal firing activity throughout a trial; the neural activity toward the saccadic onset reflects the development of the motor representation, and the neural activity in the beginning of a trial contains little, if any, information about the sensory representation. Sensorimotor analysis on individual neurons also showed that the neuronal activation, as a population, represent pending saccadic direction and carry little information about the direction of the motion stimulus.

Automated Stimulus-Response Mapping of High-Electrode-Count Neural Implants

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Wilder ◽  
S.D. Hiatt ◽  
B.R. Dowden ◽  
N.A.T. Brown ◽  
R.A. Normann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Implants ◽  
Response Mapping ◽  
Stimulus Response

scholarly journals Shifting Attention Between Visual Dimensions as a Source of Switch Costs

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Elchlepp ◽  
Maisy Best ◽  
Aureliu Lavric ◽  
Stephen Monsell
Keyword(s):  
Switch Cost ◽  
Task Switch ◽  
Relevant Stimulus ◽  
Color Classification ◽  
Perceptual Dimension ◽  
Response Mapping ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Switch Costs ◽  
Residual Switch Cost ◽  
Letter Task

Task-switching experiments have documented a puzzling phenomenon: Advance warning of the switch reduces but does not eliminate the switch cost. Theoretical accounts have posited that the residual switch cost arises when one selects the relevant stimulus–response mapping, leaving earlier perceptual processes unaffected. We put this assumption to the test by seeking electrophysiological markers of encoding a perceptual dimension. Participants categorized a colored letter as a vowel or consonant or its color as “warm” or “cold.” Orthogonally to the color manipulation, some colors were eight times more frequent than others, and the letters were in upper- or lowercase. Color frequency modulated the electroencephalogram amplitude at around 150 ms when participants repeated the color-classification task. When participants switched from the letter task to the color task, this effect was significantly delayed. Thus, even when prepared for, a task switch delays or prolongs encoding of the relevant perceptual dimension.

scholarly journals Introspection, opposition and freedom: influence of habits and inhibitory control on choice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashild Kummen ◽  
Patrick Haggard ◽  
Gwydion Williams ◽  
Lucie Charles
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Response Mapping ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Extraneous Information ◽  
First Time

How do we avoid unwanted influence when making a choice, and how do we know when our choices are free from such influences? Research shows that human decision processes are often biased by extraneous information and by previous habits. In the present study, we investigated whether free choices are biased in the same ways, and whether the subjective feeling of choosing freely can accurately track these sources of bias. Across three studies, we presented participants with a visual target cueing one of two directions. Participants were instructed to respond by adhering to the suggested direction, to oppose it, or to ignore it and make a ‘free’ choice. We varied the frequency of occurrence of each instruction (experiment 1), of each motor response (experiment 2), and of each visual cue (experiment 3). We found that previously learned stimulus-response mapping affected the ability to make free choices, as participants tended to follow the trained mapping. Moreover, in the detachment condition, participants consistently reported stronger subjective sense of freedom when their actions opposed the cue, rather than followed it. Strikingly, when participants learned through experience to oppose a cue, subsequent free choices evoked by that cue were associated with a boost in subjective freedom, irrespective of whether the response followed or opposed the cue. Thus, the increased subjective sense of freedom associated with opposition appeared to stick to the stimulus that had been repeatedly opposed. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the strong relationship between oppositional responding and subjective experience of freedom, showing for the first time that an illusory sense of autonomy can be acquired through trained opposition.

Identifying Perceptual, Motor, and Cognitive Components Contributing to Slowness of Information Processing in Multiple Sclerosis with and without Depressive Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genny Lubrini ◽  
José A. Periáñez ◽  
Mireya Fernández-Fournier ◽  
Antonio Tallón Barranco ◽  
Exuperio Díez-Tejedor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Motor Component ◽  
Comprehensive Manner

Abstract Increasing findings suggest that different components of the stimulus-response pathway (perceptual, motor or cognitive) may account for slowed performance in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). It has also been reported that depressive symptoms (DS) exacerbate slowness in MS. However, no prior studies have explored the independent and joint impact of MS and DS on each of these components in a comprehensive manner. The objective of this work was to identify perceptual, motor, and cognitive components contributing to slowness in MS patients with and without DS. The study includes 33 Relapsing-Remitting MS patients with DS, 33 without DS, and 26 healthy controls. Five information processing components were isolated by means of ANCOVA analyses applied to five Reaction Time tasks. Perceptual, motor, and visual search components were slowed down in MS, as revealed by ANCOVA comparisons between patients without DS, and controls. Moreover, the compounding effect of MS and DS exacerbated deficits in the motor component, and slowed down the decisional component, as revealed by ANCOVA comparisons between patients with and without DS. DS seem to exacerbate slowness caused by MS in specific processing components. Identifying the effects of having MS and of having both MS and DS may have relevant implications when targeting cognitive and mood interventions.

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