Distinct effects of contour smoothness and observer bias on visual persistence

Zhiheng Zhou; Lars Strother

doi:10.1167/17.2.8

Observer bias in perceptions of responsibility.

American Psychologist ◽

10.1037/0003-066x.48.5.584.a ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 584-584

Author(s):

Allan J. Davison ◽

Nancy C. Higgins

Keyword(s):

Observer Bias

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The Use of Bayesian Hierarchical Methods to Assess Selection and Observer Bias in Observational Health Outcome Studies

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.944483 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Ratcliffe ◽

Josep Maria Haro ◽

Stathis Kontodimas ◽

Miguel Angel Negrin ◽

David Suarez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Outcome ◽

Outcome Studies ◽

Observer Bias ◽

Bayesian Hierarchical ◽

Bayesian Hierarchical Methods

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Automated flagging influences the inconsistency and bias of band cell and atypical lymphocyte morphological differentials

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm.2004.066 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Wim van der Meer ◽

Colin Stephen Scott ◽

MarinusH. de Keijzer

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Atypical Lymphocyte ◽

Blood Cell Count ◽

Observer Bias ◽

Reporting Practices ◽

The Third ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Left Shift

AbstractThis study evaluated inter- and intra-observer variabilities of band cell and atypical lymphocyte differentials and the influence of instrument flagging information on resulting microscopic differentials. Five stained slides with a range of band cell counts and five with variable numbers of atypical lymphocytes were sent for morphological review by 30 technicians. No supplementary full blood cell count information was provided. Two months later, the same slides were sent, together with their corresponding analyzer reports comprising the full blood cell count, automated differentials and flags, to the same technicians. The first and second appraisals of band cells and variant lymphocytes both showed poor levels of inter-observer consistency. Observed values for all slides were very wide and suggested a high inherent predisposition to erroneous reporting practices. Analysis of category trends showed that analyzer left shift or immature granulocytes flags had no influence on observer band cell assessments as downward vs. upward category revisions were evenly balanced. The findings for atypical lymphocytes were, however, somewhat different. Two slides with no flags both showed balanced category revisions, whereas two of the three slides with atypical lymphocyte flags showed clear evidence of upward category revision. The third slide with an atypical lymphocyte flag did not show any overall category trend, but six of the seven observers who in the first examination recorded atypical lymphocyte estimates of ≤30% revised their estimates upward when the slides were examined the second time. These results suggest that morphologist access to an analyzer report and flagging information is unlikely to affect the “randomness” of band cell determinations but it may induce observer bias in variant lymphocyte estimates.

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Methodological Problems in Measuring Ambulation in the Open Field

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1963.13.3.907 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 907-912 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Norman D. Henderson

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Behavioral Measures ◽

Validity Of Results ◽

Observer Bias ◽

Control Procedures ◽

Systematic Biases ◽

Methodological Problems

Three factors often ignored by investigators measuring ambulation in an open field are litter differences, observer bias, and time of day of testing. Evidence is given to show that each of these factors can have a significant effect on ambulation scores in the open field, and failure to control these factors can lead to systematic biases which would decrease the validity of results. Despite the importance of these factors, in a sample of 40 recent studies a majority of experiments failed to mention any control procedures for two or more of these variables. This failure is particularly serious when there is a lack of other behavioral measures supporting conclusions based on ambulation data.

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Measuring Disorder: Observer Bias in Systematic Social Observations at Streets and Neighborhoods

Journal of Quantitative Criminology ◽

10.1007/s10940-016-9333-6 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 221-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

E. M. Hoeben ◽

W. Steenbeek ◽

L. J. R. Pauwels

Keyword(s):

Observer Bias

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Visual Persistence as a Function of Spatial Frequency and Age

Perception ◽

10.1068/p090529 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 529-532 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

William Lovegrove ◽

Margaret Heddle

Keyword(s):

Spatial Frequency ◽

Age Groups ◽

Sine Wave ◽

Visual Persistence ◽

Sine Wave Gratings

Duration of visual persistence for sine-wave gratings of 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 cycles deg−1 was determined for seven-year-old, ten-year-old, and thirteen-year-old children. It was found that there was a decrease in persistence duration with age but the slope of this function for the different age groups did not change.

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Visual Perspective in Causal Attribution, Empathy and Attitude Change

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.2003.93.3f.1035 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 93 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1035-1046 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Özdem M. Önder ◽

Bengi Öner-özkan

Keyword(s):

Visual Perception ◽

Death Penalty ◽

Attitude Change ◽

Causal Attribution ◽

Point Of View ◽

The Other ◽

Visual Perspective ◽

Observer Bias

The aim of the present study was to test the effect of visual perspective on the actor–observer bias. For this aim, we examined the effects of different visual perspectives on individuals' external and internal attributions. In addition to this, we examined the presence or absence of an attitude change toward the death penalty due to participants' visual perspective. One week before the experiment, we measured the participants' attitudes toward the death penalty. Then, during the experiment, films produced by one of the authors of this study were shown to two separate groups of participants. There were two films, each film constituting one of the two levels of visual perception. The content of each film was the memories of a person who was given the death penalty for the murder of his own brother. Level of visual perception was manipulated by using different camera perspectives, one from the actor's point of view and the other from the observer's point of view. At the end of the experiment, participants' attitudes toward the death penalty were measured again.

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