scholarly journals New is always better: Novelty modulates oculomotor learning

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annegret Meermeier ◽  
Svenja Gremmler ◽  
Markus Lappe
Keyword(s):  
Oculomotor Learning

scholarly journals The reward of seeing: Different types of visual reward and their ability to modify oculomotor learning

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annegret Meermeier ◽  
Svenja Gremmler ◽  
Kerstin Richert ◽  
Til Eckermann ◽  
Markus Lappe
Keyword(s):  
Different Types ◽  
Oculomotor Learning

Motor Coding in Floccular Climbing Fibers

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 2342-2351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beerend Winkelman ◽  
Maarten Frens
Keyword(s):  
Visual Motion ◽  
Inferior Olive ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Climbing Fibers ◽  
Retinal Slip ◽  
Motor Component ◽  
Prepositus Hypoglossi ◽  
Sensorimotor Information ◽  
Sensory Encoding ◽  
Oculomotor Learning

The climbing fibers (CFs) that project from the dorsal cap of the inferior olive (IO) to the flocculus of the cerebellar cortex have been reported to be purely sensory, encoding “retinal slip.” However, a clear oculomotor projection from the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH) to the IO has been shown. We therefore studied the sensorimotor information that is present in the CF signal. We presented rabbits with visual motion noise stimuli to break up the tight relation between instantaneous retinal slip and eye movement. Strikingly, the information about the motor behavior in the CF signal more than doubled that of the sensory component and was time-locked more tightly. The contribution of oculomotor signals was independently confirmed by analysis of spontaneous eye movements in the absence of visual input. The motor component of the CF code is essential to distinguish unexpected slip from self-generated slip, which is a prerequisite for proper oculomotor learning.

Supplementary eye field contrasted with the frontal eye field during acquisition of conditional oculomotor associations

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 1122-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Chen ◽  
S. P. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Familiar Stimulus ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Supplementary Eye Field ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eye Field ◽  
Familiar Stimuli ◽  
Oculomotor Learning ◽  
Selective Activity

1. The companion paper reported that a substantial proportion of cells in the supplementary eye field (SEF) of macaque monkeys show significant evolution of neuronal activity as subjects learn new and arbitrary stimulus-saccade associations. The purpose of the present study was to compare and contrast the activity of the SEF and the frontal eye field (FEF) during such conditional oculomotor learning. 2. In both SEF and FEF, we observed learning-dependent and learning-selective activity, defined as significant evolution of task-related activity as monkeys learned which of four saccades was instructed by a novel stimulus. By definition, in addition to changes as the monkeys learned the instructional significance of a novel instruction stimulus, learning-dependent activity also showed task-related modulation for trials instructed by familiar stimuli, whereas learning-selective activity did not. Of the 186 SEF neurons adequately tested, 81 (44%) showed one of these two categories of learning-related change. By contrast, of the 90 FEF neurons adequately tested, only 14 (16%) showed similar properties. This difference was highly statistically significant (chi 2 = 21.1; P < 0.001). 3. We also observed persistent differences in activity for trials with familiar versus novel instruction stimuli, which we termed learning-static effects. In some cases, the learning-static effect coexisted with learning-dependent or learning-selective changes in activity, although in others it did not. In the former cases, activity changed systematically during learning, but reached a level that differed from that for familiar stimuli instructing the same saccade. In the latter cases, the activity did not change significantly as the monkey learned new conditional oculomotor associations, but did show a significant difference depending upon whether a novel or familiar stimulus instructed a given saccade. Overall, 66 of 186 (35%) cells in the SEF and 17 of 90 (19%) cells in the FEF showed learning-static effects in one or more task periods. This difference was statistically significant (chi 2 = 7.9; P < 0.005). 4. The significant difference in the properties of SEF and FEF cells suggests a functional dissociation of the two areas during conditional oculomotor learning. In this respect, the FEF resembles the primary motor cortex, whereas the SEF resembles the premotor cortex.

An fMRI investigation in oculomotor learning through vergence eye movements

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Nguyen ◽  
Yelda Alkan ◽  
Bharat Biswal ◽  
Bassem Gayed ◽  
Sang Jin Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Oculomotor Learning

Cortical location of saccadic oculomotor learning using fMRI

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelda Alkan ◽  
Bharat Biswal ◽  
Bassem Gayed ◽  
John L. Semmlow ◽  
Sang Jin Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oculomotor Learning

Conditional Oculomotor Learning: Population Vectors in the Supplementary Eye Field

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 1166-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longtang L. Chen ◽  
Steven P. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Neuronal Population ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Supplementary Eye Field ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Eye Field ◽  
Oculomotor Learning

Chen, Longtang L. and Steven P. Wise. Conditional oculomotor learning: population vectors in the supplementary eye field. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 1160–1163, 1997. We have shown previously that the activity levels and preferred directions of supplementary eye field neurons change as monkeys learn to associate nonspatial visual information with a saccade (or the spatial target of that saccade). The present report describes changes in neuronal population vectors (PV) during such learning. PVs based on neuronal activity shortly before and after saccades predicted movement direction poorly in the earliest stage of learning, but as monkeys mastered novel stimulus-response mappings, PV accuracy and magnitude increased significantly.

Independent components of oculomotor learning

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelda Alkan ◽  
Tara L. Alvarez ◽  
Bharat B. Biswal ◽  
Vincent R. Vicci
Keyword(s):  
Independent Components ◽  
Oculomotor Learning
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