scholarly journals REM sleep stabilizes visual perceptual learning which was rendered fragile by NREM sleep

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Yuka Sasaki ◽  
Masako Tamaki ◽  
Takeo Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Visual Perceptual Learning

scholarly journals 0232 REM SLEEP STABILIZES VISUAL PERCEPTUAL LEARNING WHICH WAS RENDERED FRAGILE BY NREM SLEEP

SLEEP ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. A85-A85 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tamaki ◽  
T Watanabe ◽  
Y Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Visual Perceptual Learning

scholarly journals Reward does not facilitate visual perceptual learning until sleep occurs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masako Tamaki ◽  
Aaron V. Berard ◽  
Tyler Barnes-Diana ◽  
Jesse Siegel ◽  
Takeo Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Reward Group ◽  
Visual Perceptual Learning ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Prefrontal Region ◽  
Performance Gains

ABSTRACTA growing body of evidence indicates that visual perceptual learning (VPL) is enhanced by reward provided during training. Another line of studies has shown that sleep following training also plays a role in facilitating VPL, an effect known as the offline performance gain of VPL. However, whether the effects of reward and sleep interact on VPL remains unclear. Here, we show that reward interacts with sleep to facilitate offline performance gains of VPL. First, we demonstrated a significantly larger offline performance gain over a 12-h interval including sleep in a reward group than that in a No-reward group. However, the offline performance gains over the 12-h interval without sleep were not significantly different with or without reward during training, indicating a crucial interaction between reward and sleep in VPL. Next, we tested whether neural activations during posttraining sleep were modulated after reward was provided during training. Reward provided during training enhanced REM sleep time, increased oscillatory activities for reward processing in the prefrontal region during REM sleep, and inhibited neural activation in the untrained region in early visual areas in NREM and REM sleep. The offline performance gains were significantly correlated with oscillatory activities of visual processing during NREM sleep and reward processing during REM sleep in the reward group but not in the No-reward group. These results suggest that reward provided during training becomes effective during sleep, with excited reward processing sending inhibitory signals to suppress noise in visual processing, resulting in larger offline performance gains over sleep.Significance statementIndependent lines of research have shown that visual perceptual learning (VPL) is improved by reward or sleep. Here, we show that reward provided during training increased offline performance gains of VPL over sleep. Moreover, during posttraining sleep, reward was associated with longer REM sleep, increased activity in reward processing in the prefrontal region during REM sleep, and decreased activity in the untrained region of early visual areas during NREM and REM sleep. Offline performance gains were correlated with modulated oscillatory activity in reward processing during REM sleep and visual processing during NREM sleep. These results suggest that reward provided during training becomes effective on VPL through the interaction between reward and visual processing during sleep after training.

scholarly journals Reward does not facilitate visual perceptual learning until sleep occurs

2019 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 959-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masako Tamaki ◽  
Aaron V. Berard ◽  
Tyler Barnes-Diana ◽  
Jesse Siegel ◽  
Takeo Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Performance Gain ◽  
Reward Group ◽  
Visual Perceptual Learning ◽  
Performance Gains

A growing body of evidence indicates that visual perceptual learning (VPL) is enhanced by reward provided during training. Another line of studies has shown that sleep following training also plays a role in facilitating VPL, an effect known as the offline performance gain of VPL. However, whether the effects of reward and sleep interact on VPL remains unclear. Here, we show that reward interacts with sleep to facilitate offline performance gains of VPL. First, we demonstrated a significantly larger offline performance gain over a 12-h interval including sleep in a reward group than that in a no-reward group. However, the offline performance gains over the 12-h interval without sleep were not significantly different with or without reward during training, indicating a crucial interaction between reward and sleep in VPL. Next, we tested whether neural activations during posttraining sleep were modulated after reward was provided during training. Reward provided during training enhanced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time, increased oscillatory activities for reward processing in the prefrontal region during REM sleep, and inhibited neural activation in the untrained region in early visual areas in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM sleep. The offline performance gains were significantly correlated with oscillatory activities of visual processing during NREM sleep and reward processing during REM sleep in the reward group but not in the no-reward group. These results suggest that reward provided during training becomes effective during sleep, with excited reward processing sending inhibitory signals to suppress noise in visual processing, resulting in larger offline performance gains over sleep.

scholarly journals REM sleep facilitates post-sleep visual perceptual learning (VPL) by eliminating anterograde interference from pre-sleep VPL

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Masako Tamaki ◽  
Aaron Berard ◽  
Takeo Watanabe ◽  
Yuka Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Visual Perceptual Learning

scholarly journals Sleep-dependent offline performance gain in visual perceptual learning is consistent with a learning-dependent model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masako Tamaki ◽  
Yuka Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Performance Gain ◽  
Learning Condition ◽  
Interference Condition ◽  
Visual Perceptual Learning ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Dependent Model ◽  
Performance Gains

SummaryAre the sleep-dependent offline performance gains of visual perceptual learning (VPL) consistent with a use-dependent or learning-dependent model? Here, we found that a use-dependent model is inconsistent with the offline performance gains in VPL. In two training conditions with matched visual usages, one generated VPL (learning condition), while the other did not (interference condition). The use-dependent model predicts that slow-wave activity (SWA) during posttraining NREM sleep in the trained region increases in both conditions, in correlation with offline performance gains. However, compared with those in the interference condition, sigma activity, not SWA, during NREM sleep and theta activity during REM sleep, source-localized to the trained early visual areas, increased in the learning condition. Sigma activity correlated with offline performance gain. These significant differences in spontaneous activity between the conditions suggest that there is a learning-dependent process during posttraining sleep for the offline performance gains in VPL.

scholarly journals Reward reactivates and facilitates visual perceptual learning during REM sleep

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Aaron Berard ◽  
Masako Tamaki ◽  
Tyler Barnes-Diana ◽  
Jose Nanez ◽  
Takeo Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Visual Perceptual Learning

scholarly journals Toward asleep DBS: cortico-basal ganglia spectral and coherence activity during interleaved propofol/ketamine sedation mimics NREM/REM sleep activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Guang ◽  
Halen Baker ◽  
Orilia Ben-Yishay Nizri ◽  
Shimon Firman ◽  
Uri Werner-Reiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Advanced Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Low Frequency Power ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Frequency Power

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently a standard procedure for advanced Parkinson’s disease. Many centers employ awake physiological navigation and stimulation assessment to optimize DBS localization and outcome. To enable DBS under sedation, asleep DBS, we characterized the cortico-basal ganglia neuronal network of two nonhuman primates under propofol, ketamine, and interleaved propofol-ketamine (IPK) sedation. Further, we compared these sedation states in the healthy and Parkinsonian condition to those of healthy sleep. Ketamine increases high-frequency power and synchronization while propofol increases low-frequency power and synchronization in polysomnography and neuronal activity recordings. Thus, ketamine does not mask the low-frequency oscillations used for physiological navigation toward the basal ganglia DBS targets. The brain spectral state under ketamine and propofol mimicked rapid eye movement (REM) and Non-REM (NREM) sleep activity, respectively, and the IPK protocol resembles the NREM-REM sleep cycle. These promising results are a meaningful step toward asleep DBS with nondistorted physiological navigation.

scholarly journals Shining a Light on the Mechanisms of Sleep for Memory Consolidation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Frazer ◽  
Yesenia Cabrera ◽  
Rockelle S. Guthrie ◽  
Gina R. Poe
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Slow Oscillations ◽  
Theta Waves ◽  
Learning Tasks

Abstract Purpose of review This paper reviews all optogenetic studies that directly test various sleep states, traits, and circuit-level activity profiles for the consolidation of different learning tasks. Recent findings Inhibiting or exciting neurons involved either in the production of sleep states or in the encoding and consolidation of memories reveals sleep states and traits that are essential for memory. REM sleep, NREM sleep, and the N2 transition to REM (characterized by sleep spindles) are integral to memory consolidation. Neural activity during sharp-wave ripples, slow oscillations, theta waves, and spindles are the mediators of this process. Summary These studies lend strong support to the hypothesis that sleep is essential to the consolidation of memories from the hippocampus and the consolidation of motor learning which does not necessarily involve the hippocampus. Future research can further probe the types of memory dependent on sleep-related traits and on the neurotransmitters and neuromodulators required.

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