scholarly journals How do Endogenous Attention, Exogenous Attention and Metacontrast Masking Operate in Controlling Stimulus Visibility?

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haluk Ogmen ◽  
Sevda Agaoglu ◽  
Bruno Breitmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Exogenous Attention ◽  
Endogenous Attention ◽  
Metacontrast Masking

scholarly journals Spatial distance of target locations affects the time course of both endogenous and exogenous attentional deployment.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Geweke ◽  
Emilia Pokta ◽  
Viola S. Störmer
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Exogenous Attention ◽  
Endogenous Attention ◽  
Attentional Deployment ◽  
Current Task ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Task Goals ◽  
Target Locations

Spatial attention can be deployed exogenously, based on salient events in the environment, or endogenously, based on current task goals. Numerous studies have compared the time courses of these two types of attention, and have demonstrated that exogenous attention is fast and transient and endogenous attention is relatively slow but sustained. In the present study we investigated whether and how the temporal dynamics of exogenous and endogenous attention differ in terms of where attention is deployed in the visual field, in particular at locations nearby or far from fixation. Across a series experiments, we measured attentional shift times for each type of attention, and found overall slower deployment of endogenous relative to exogenous attention, in line with previous research. Importantly, we also consistently found that it takes longer to deploy attention at more distant locations relative to nearby locations, regardless of how attention was instigated. Overall, our results suggest that the temporal limits of attentional deployment across different spatial distances are similar for exogenous and endogenous attention, pointing to shared constraints underlying both attentional modes.

scholarly journals Differential impact of endogenous and exogenous attention on activity in human visual cortex

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Dugué ◽  
Elisha P. Merriam ◽  
David J. Heeger ◽  
Marisa Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Exogenous Attention ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Endogenous Attention ◽  
Involuntary Attention ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Visual Hierarchy ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Fmri Analysis

AbstractHow do endogenous (voluntary) and exogenous (involuntary) attention modulate activity in visual cortex? Using ROI-based fMRI analysis, we measured fMRI activity for valid and invalid trials (target at cued/un-cued location, respectively), pre- or post-cueing endogenous or exogenous attention, while participants performed the same orientation discrimination task. We found stronger modulation in contralateral than ipsilateral visual regions, and higher activity in valid- than invalid-trials. For endogenous attention, modulation of stimulus-evoked activity due to a pre-cue increased along the visual hierarchy, but was constant due to a post-cue. For exogenous attention, modulation of stimulus-evoked activity due to a pre-cue was constant along the visual hierarchy, but was not modulated due to a post-cue. These findings reveal that endogenous and exogenous attention distinctly modulate activity in visuo-occipital areas during orienting and reorienting; endogenous attention facilitates both the encoding and the readout of visual information whereas exogenous attention only facilitates the encoding of information.

scholarly journals Longitudinal touchscreen use across early development is associated with faster exogenous and reduced endogenous attention control

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Portugal ◽  
Rachael Bedford ◽  
Celeste H. M. Cheung ◽  
Luke Mason ◽  
Tim J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Attention Control ◽  
Exogenous Attention ◽  
Endogenous Attention ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Saccade Task ◽  
Video Gamers ◽  
Attentional Difficulties ◽  
Future Work

AbstractChildhood screen time is associated with both attentional difficulties (for television viewing) and benefits (in action video gamers), but few studies have investigated today’s pervasive touchscreen devices (e.g. smartphones and tablets), which combine salient features, interactive content, and accessibility from toddlerhood (a peak period of cognitive development). We tested exogenous and endogenous attention, following forty children who were stable high (HU) or low (LU) touchscreen users from toddlerhood to pre-school. HUs were slower to disengage attention, relative to their faster baseline orienting ability. In an infant anti-saccade task, HUs displayed more of a corrective strategy of orienting faster to distractors before anticipating the target. Results suggest that long-term high exposure to touchscreen devices is associated with faster exogenous attention and concomitant decreases in endogenous attention control. Future work is required to demonstrate causality, dissociate variants of use, and investigate how attention behaviours found in screen-based contexts translate to real-world settings.

Endogenous Shifts of Covert Attention Operate within Multiple Coordinate Frames: Evidence from a Feature-Priming Task

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p3298 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug J K Barrett ◽  
Mark F Bradshaw ◽  
David Rose
Keyword(s):  
Visual Space ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Exogenous Attention ◽  
Coordinate Frame ◽  
Endogenous Attention ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Nonspatial Attributes ◽  
Egocentric Representation ◽  
Feature Priming

The locations of visual objects and events in the world are represented in a number of different coordinate frameworks. For example, a visual transient is known to attract (exogenous) attention and facilitate performance within an egocentric framework. However, when attention is allocated voluntarily to a particular visual feature (ie endogenous attention), the location of that feature appears to be variously encoded either within an allocentric framework or in a spatially invariant manner. In three experiments we investigated the importance of location for the allocation of endogenous attention and whether egocentric and/or allocentric spatial frameworks are involved. Primes and targets were presented in four conditions designed to vary systematically their spatial relationships in egocentric and allocentric coordinates. A reliable effect of egocentric priming was found in all three experiments, which suggests that endogenous shifts of attention towards targets defined by a particular feature operate in an egocentric representation of visual space. In addition, allocentric priming was also found for targets primed by their colour or shape. This suggests that attending to targets primed by nonspatial attributes results in facilitation that is localised in more than one coordinate frame of spatial reference.

scholarly journals Effects of Exogenous and Endogenous Attention on Metacontrast Masking

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevda Agaoglu ◽  
Bruno Breitmeyer ◽  
Haluk Ogmen
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Visual Masking ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Absolute Magnitude ◽  
Exogenous Attention ◽  
Metacontrast Masking ◽  
Floor Effects ◽  
Response Errors

To efficiently use its finite resources, the visual system selects for further processing only a subset of the rich sensory information. Visual masking and spatial attention control the information transfer from visual sensory-memory to visual short-term memory. There is still a debate whether these two processes operate independently or interact, with empirical evidence supporting both arguments. However, recent studies pointed out that earlier studies showing significant interactions between common-onset masking and attention suffered from ceiling and/or floor effects. Our review of previous studies reporting metacontrast-attention interactions revealed similar artifacts. Therefore, we investigated metacontrast-attention interactions by using an experimental paradigm in which ceiling/floor effects were avoided. We also examined whether metacontrast masking is differently influenced by endogenous and exogenous attention. We analyzed mean absolute-magnitude of response-errors and their statistical distribution. Our results support the hypothesis that metacontrast and endogenous/exogenous attention are largely independent with negligible likelihood for interactions. Moreover, statistical modeling of the distribution of response-errors suggests weak interactions modulating the probability of “guessing” behavior for some observers in both types of attention. Nevertheless, our data suggest that any joint effect of attention and metacontrast can be adequately explained by their independent and additive contributions.

scholarly journals Does exogenous attention modulate endogenous attention?

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 473-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Grubb ◽  
A. White ◽  
D. J. Heeger ◽  
M. Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Exogenous Attention ◽  
Endogenous Attention

EXPRESS: Can arrows change the subjective perception of space? Exploring symbolic attention repulsion

2022 ◽  
pp. 174702182210761
Author(s):  
Rebecca Lawrence ◽  
Lucas R Schneider ◽  
Jay Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Exogenous Attention ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Visual Cell ◽  
Attentional Orienting ◽  
Endogenous Attention ◽  
Unique Form ◽  
Visual Cells ◽  
Stimulus Timing ◽  
The Right ◽  
Repulsion Effect

The attention repulsion effect (ARE) refers to distortions in the perception of space for areas nearby the focus of attention. For instance, when attending to the right-hand side of the visual field, objects in central vision may appear as though they are shifted to the left. The phenomenon is likely caused by changes in visual cell functioning. To date, research on the ARE has almost exclusively used exogenous manipulations of attention. In contrast, research exploring endogenous attention repulsion has been mixed, and no research has explored the effects of non-predictive arrow cues on this phenomenon. This gap in the literature is unexpected, as symbolic attention appears to be a unique form of attentional orienting compared to endogenous and exogenous attention. Therefore, the current study explored the effects of symbolic orienting on spatial repulsion and compared it to an exogenously generated ARE. Across four experiments, both exogenous and symbolic orienting resulted in AREs; however, the magnitude of the symbolic ARE was smaller than the exogenous ARE. This difference in magnitude persisted, even after testing both phenomena using stimulus timing parameters known to produce optimal effects in traditional attentional cueing paradigms. Therefore, compared to symbolic attention, it appears that exogenous manipulations may tightly constrict attention resources on the cued location, in turn potentially influencing the functioning of visual cells for enhanced perceptual processing.

Voluntary attention improves performance similarly around the visual field

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simran Purokayastha ◽  
Mariel Roberts ◽  
Marisa Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Polar Angle ◽  
Exogenous Attention ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Endogenous Attention ◽  
Voluntary Attention ◽  
Perceptual Asymmetries ◽  
Improved Performance

Performance as a function of polar angle at isoeccentric locations across the visual field is known as a performance field (PF) and is characterized by two asymmetries: the HVA (Horizontal-Vertical Anisotropy) and VMA (Vertical Meridian Asymmetry). Exogenous (involuntary) spatial attention does not affect the shape of the PF, improving performance similarly across polar angle. Here we investigated whether endogenous (voluntary) spatial attention, a flexible mechanism, can attenuate these perceptual asymmetries. Twenty participants performed an orientation discrimination task while their endogenous attention was either directed to the target location or distributed across all possible locations. The effects of attention were assessed either using the same stimulus contrast across locations, or equating difficulty across locations using individually-titrated contrast thresholds. In both experiments, endogenous attention similarly improved performance at all locations, maintaining the canonical PF shape. Thus, despite its voluntary nature, like exogenous attention, endogenous attention cannot alleviate perceptual asymmetries at isoeccentric locations.

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