scholarly journals Hand proximity biases overt – not covert – orienting

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1276
Author(s):  
Eric Taylor ◽  
Minal Patel ◽  
Jay Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Covert Orienting

Endogenous Noise Suppression During Covert Orienting

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Awh ◽  
John Serences ◽  
Kelsey Libner ◽  
Michi Matsukura
Keyword(s):  
Noise Suppression ◽  
Covert Orienting

Covert orienting of attention in macaques. I. Effects of behavioral context

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 431-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Bowman ◽  
V. J. Brown ◽  
C. Kertzman ◽  
U. Schwarz ◽  
D. L. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Orienting Response ◽  
Validity Effect ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Covert Orienting ◽  
Cognitive Influences ◽  
Attentional Effect ◽  
Peripheral Cues ◽  
Neurophysiological Studies

1. A task was used by Posner (1980) to measure shifts of attention that occurred covertly, in the absence of an eye movement or other orienting response. This paradigm was used here to assess the nature of covert attentional orienting in monkeys to develop an animal model for neurophysiological studies. Shifts of attention were measurable in monkeys and were consistent across a variety of experimental conditions. 2. The paradigm required that monkeys fixate and release a bar at the appearance of a target, which was preceded by a cue. Reaction times to targets that followed peripheral cues at the same location (validly cued) were significantly faster than those that followed cues in the opposite visual field (invalidly cued). This difference was defined as the validity effect, which as in humans, is used as the measure of a covert attentional shift. 3. When the proportion of validly to invalidly cued targets was decreased, no change was seen in the validity effect of the monkeys. This is in contrast to humans, for whom the ratio of validly to invalidly cued targets affected the magnitude of the validity effect. When 80% of the targets were preceded by cues at the same location, the validity effect was greatest. The effect was reversed when the proportions were reversed. From this result, it is concluded that cognitive processes can affect covert orienting to peripheral cues in humans, whereas in trained monkeys, performance was automatic. 4. To test whether cognitive influences on attention could be demonstrated in the monkey, an animal was taught to use symbolic, foveal signals to covertly direct attention. The magnitude of this validity effect was greater than that obtained with peripheral cues. 5. The effects of motivational and perceptual processes were tested. Although overall reaction times could be modified, the facilitating effects of the cues persisted. This constancy across motivational and perceptual levels supports the notion that the monkeys were performing the task in an automatic way, under the exogenous control of peripheral cues. 6. Most visual cuing has been tested with visual landmarks at the locations of cues and targets. These monkeys were trained with such landmarks, and when tested without them, the attentional effect of the cues was nearly abolished. These data suggest that local visual features can be important for covert orienting. 7. To determine the spatial extent of the effect of the cue, monkeys and humans were tested with four cue-target distances (0-60 degrees).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals Sleep deprivation alters functioning within the neural network underlying the covert orienting of attention

2008 ◽  
Vol 1217 ◽  
pp. 148-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce A. Mander ◽  
Kathryn J. Reid ◽  
Vijay K. Davuluri ◽  
Dana M. Small ◽  
Todd B. Parrish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Covert Orienting ◽  
The Neural Network

scholarly journals The effect of offset cues on saccade programming and covert attention

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T Smith ◽  
Soazig Casteau
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Oculomotor Control ◽  
Covert Orienting ◽  
Cueing Task ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Saccade Programming ◽  
Saccadic Reaction Times ◽  
Saccade Preparation

Salient peripheral events trigger fast, “exogenous” covert orienting. The influential premotor theory of attention argues that covert orienting of attention depends upon planned but unexecuted eye-movements. One problem with this theory is that salient peripheral events, such as offsets, appear to summon attention when used to measure covert attention (e.g., the Posner cueing task) but appear not to elicit oculomotor preparation in tasks that require overt orienting (e.g., the remote distractor paradigm). Here, we examined the effects of peripheral offsets on covert attention and saccade preparation. Experiment 1 suggested that transient offsets summoned attention in a manual detection task without triggering motor preparation planning in a saccadic localisation task, although there were a high proportion of saccadic capture errors on “no-target” trials, where a cue was presented but no target appeared. In Experiment 2, “no-target” trials were removed. Here, transient offsets produced both attentional facilitation and faster saccadic responses on valid cue trials. A third experiment showed that the permanent disappearance of an object also elicited attentional facilitation and faster saccadic reaction times. These experiments demonstrate that offsets trigger both saccade programming and covert attentional orienting, consistent with the idea that exogenous, covert orienting is tightly coupled with oculomotor activation. The finding that no-go trials attenuates oculomotor priming effects offers a way to reconcile the current findings with previous claims of a dissociation between covert attention and oculomotor control in paradigms that utilise a high proportion of catch trials.

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