scholarly journals Can perceptual learning alleviate the global motion direction discrimination deficit in amblyopia?

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1111
Author(s):  
Yi Gao ◽  
Alexander Baldwin ◽  
Robert Hess
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Global Motion ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Direction Discrimination

scholarly journals Visual perceptual learning of a primitive feature in human V1/V2 as a result of unconscious processing, revealed by Decoded fMRI Neurofeedback (DecNef)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyan Wang ◽  
Masako Tamaki ◽  
Kazuhisa Shibata ◽  
Michael S. Worden ◽  
Takashi Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Global Motion ◽  
Local Motion ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Visual Perceptual Learning ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Motion Display ◽  
Task Irrelevant

AbstractWhile numerous studies have shown that visual perceptual learning (VPL) occurs as a result of exposure to a visual feature in a task-irrelevant manner, the underlying neural mechanism is poorly understood. In a previous psychophysical study, subjects were repeatedly exposed to a task-irrelevant global motion display that induced the perception of not only the local motions but also a global motion moving in the direction of the spatiotemporal average of the local motion vectors. As a result, subjects enhanced their sensitivity only to the local moving directions, suggesting that early visual areas (V1/V2) that process local motions are involved in task-irrelevant VPL. However, this hypothesis has never been examined by directly examining the involvement of early visual areas (V1/V2). Here, we employed a decoded neurofeedback technique (DecNef) using functional magnetic resonance imaging. During the DecNef training, subjects were trained to induce the activity patterns in V1/V2 that were similar to those evoked by the actual presentation of the global motion display. The DecNef training was conducted with neither the actual presentation of the display nor the subjects’ awareness of the purpose of the experiment. As a result, subjects increased the sensitivity to the local motion directions but not specifically to the global motion direction. The training effect was strictly confined to V1/V2. Moreover, subjects reported that they neither perceived nor imagined any motion during the DecNef training. These results together suggest that that V1/V2 are sufficient for exposure-based task-irrelevant VPL to occur unconsciously.Significance StatementWhile numerous studies have shown that visual perceptual learning (VPL) occurs as a result of exposure to a visual feature in a task-irrelevant manner, the underlying neural mechanism is poorly understood. Previous psychophysical experiments suggest that early visual areas (V1/V2) are involved in task-irrelevant VPL. However, this hypothesis has never been examined by directly examining the involvement of early visual areas (V1/V2). Here, using decoded fMRI neurofeedback, the activity patterns similar to those evoked by the presentation of a complex motion display were repeatedly induced only in early visual areas. The training sensitized only the local motion directions and not the global motion direction, suggesting that V1/V2 are involved in task-irrelevant VPL.

scholarly journals Roll tilt self-motion direction discrimination training: First evidence for perceptual learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1987-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel P. Klaus ◽  
C. G. Schöne ◽  
M. Hartmann ◽  
D. M. Merfeld ◽  
M. C. Schubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Direction Discrimination ◽  
Tilt Condition ◽  
Self Motion ◽  
Roll Tilt

AbstractPerceptual learning, the ability to improve the sensitivity of sensory perception through training, has been shown to exist in all sensory systems but the vestibular system. A previous study found no improvement of passive self-motion thresholds in the dark after intense direction discrimination training of either yaw rotations (stimulating semicircular canals) or y-translation (stimulating otoliths). The goal of the present study was to investigate whether perceptual learning of self-motion in the dark would occur when there is a simultaneous otolith and semicircular canal input, as is the case with roll tilt motion stimuli. Blindfolded subjects (n = 10) trained on a direction discrimination task with 0.2-Hz roll tilt motion stimuli (9 h of training, 1,800 trials). Before and after training, motion thresholds were measured in the dark for the trained motion and for three transfer conditions. We found that roll tilt sensitivity in the 0.2-Hz roll tilt condition was increased (i.e., thresholds decreased) after training but not for controls who were not exposed to training. This is the first demonstration of perceptual learning of passive self-motion direction discrimination in the dark. The results have potential therapeutic relevance as 0.2-Hz roll thresholds have been associated with poor performance on a clinical balance test that has been linked to more than a fivefold increase in falls.

scholarly journals Perceived direction of deformation flow

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Kawabe
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Natural Image ◽  
Global Motion ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Image Deformation ◽  
Direction Discrimination ◽  
Transparent Liquid ◽  
Shearing Deformation ◽  
Opposite Motion

AbstractIn everyday circumstances, human observers can easily discriminate the direction of transparent liquid flow. However, the mechanism of direction discrimination is not so straightforward. The present study focused on the flow of image deformation, which is closely related to the flow of transparent liquid in the natural world. To determine what image information is important in discriminating the direction of deformation flow, a natural image in a stimulus clip was deformed by using a deformation vector map that translated leftward or rightward. The task of the observers was to judge whether the transparent liquid in the clip flowed leftward or rightward. Manipulating the amplitude of deformation, we found that the discrimination performance improved with the amplitude. Interestingly, the observers’ performance was high overall only when shearing deformation was applied to the stimuli, while the observers reported an opposite-motion direction when only compressive deformation was applied. We computationally analyzed motion statistics of stimuli and found that the combination of mean and skewness of horizontal motion vectors reliably predicted the performance. The results indicate that human observers use global motion directions in order to determine the direction of deformation flow.

scholarly journals Global motion perception is independent from contrast sensitivity for coherent motion direction discrimination and visual acuity in 4.5-year-old children

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arijit Chakraborty ◽  
Nicola S. Anstice ◽  
Robert J. Jacobs ◽  
Nabin Paudel ◽  
Linda L. LaGasse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Coherent Motion ◽  
Global Motion ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Direction Discrimination

scholarly journals Men need a nap to show perceptual learning of motion direction discrimination, but women do not.

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1132-1132
Author(s):  
E. McDevitt ◽  
B. Bays ◽  
A. Rokem ◽  
M. Silver ◽  
S. Mednick
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Direction Discrimination

scholarly journals Perceptual learning of motion direction discrimination in fovea: Separable mechanisms

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (15) ◽  
pp. 2315-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Lin Lu ◽  
Wilson Chu ◽  
Barbara Anne Dosher
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Direction Discrimination

scholarly journals The effects of naps on the magnitude and specificity of perceptual learning of motion direction discrimination

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1000-1000
Author(s):  
A. Rokem ◽  
M. Silver ◽  
E. McDevitt ◽  
S. Mednick
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Direction Discrimination
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