scholarly journals The Lateral Occipital Complex shows no net response to object familiarity

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eshed Margalit ◽  
Manan P. Shah ◽  
Bosco S. Tjan ◽  
Irving Biederman ◽  
Brenton Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Occipital Complex ◽  
Object Familiarity

Age of Acquisition Norms for a Large Set of Object Names and Their Relation to Adult Estimates and Other Variables

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catriona M. Morrison ◽  
Tameron D. Chappell ◽  
Andrew W. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Word Learning ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Age Of Acquisition ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Name Agreement ◽  
Object Familiarity ◽  
The Relationship

Studies of lexical processing have relied heavily on adult ratings of word learning age or age of acquisition, which have been shown to be strongly predictive of processing speed. This study reports a set of objective norms derived in a large-scale study of British children's naming of 297 pictured objects (including 232 from the Snodgrass & Vanderwart, 1980, set). In addition, data were obtained on measures of rated age of acquisition, rated frequency, imageability, object familiarity, picture-name agreement, and name agreement. We discuss the relationship between the objective measure and adult ratings of word learning age. Objective measures should be used when available, but where not, our data suggest that adult ratings provide a reliable and valid measure of real word learning age.

scholarly journals Stimulus Familiarity and Expectation Jointly Modulate Neural Activity in the Visual Ventral Stream

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1366-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya E. Manahova ◽  
Pim Mostert ◽  
Peter Kok ◽  
Jan-Mathijs Schoffelen ◽  
Floris P. de Lange
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Ventral Stream ◽  
Sensory Response ◽  
Inferotemporal Cortex ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Lateral Occipital Complex ◽  
Neurophysiological Studies ◽  
Stimulus Familiarity

Prior knowledge about the visual world can change how a visual stimulus is processed. Two forms of prior knowledge are often distinguished: stimulus familiarity (i.e., whether a stimulus has been seen before) and stimulus expectation (i.e., whether a stimulus is expected to occur, based on the context). Neurophysiological studies in monkeys have shown suppression of spiking activity both for expected and for familiar items in object-selective inferotemporal cortex. It is an open question, however, if and how these types of knowledge interact in their modulatory effects on the sensory response. To address this issue and to examine whether previous findings generalize to noninvasively measured neural activity in humans, we separately manipulated stimulus familiarity and expectation while noninvasively recording human brain activity using magnetoencephalography. We observed independent suppression of neural activity by familiarity and expectation, specifically in the lateral occipital complex, the putative human homologue of monkey inferotemporal cortex. Familiarity also led to sharpened response dynamics, which was predominantly observed in early visual cortex. Together, these results show that distinct types of sensory knowledge jointly determine the amount of neural resources dedicated to object processing in the visual ventral stream.

Neural Correlates of Fixated Low- and High-level Scene Properties during Active Scene Viewing

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 2013-2023
Author(s):  
John M. Henderson ◽  
Jessica E. Goold ◽  
Wonil Choi ◽  
Taylor R. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Scene Perception ◽  
Active Vision ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Retrosplenial Cortex ◽  
Edge Density ◽  
Visual Stream ◽  
Lateral Occipital Complex ◽  
High Level

During real-world scene perception, viewers actively direct their attention through a scene in a controlled sequence of eye fixations. During each fixation, local scene properties are attended, analyzed, and interpreted. What is the relationship between fixated scene properties and neural activity in the visual cortex? Participants inspected photographs of real-world scenes in an MRI scanner while their eye movements were recorded. Fixation-related fMRI was used to measure activation as a function of lower- and higher-level scene properties at fixation, operationalized as edge density and meaning maps, respectively. We found that edge density at fixation was most associated with activation in early visual areas, whereas semantic content at fixation was most associated with activation along the ventral visual stream including core object and scene-selective areas (lateral occipital complex, parahippocampal place area, occipital place area, and retrosplenial cortex). The observed activation from semantic content was not accounted for by differences in edge density. The results are consistent with active vision models in which fixation gates detailed visual analysis for fixated scene regions, and this gating influences both lower and higher levels of scene analysis.

The causal role of the lateral occipital complex in visual mirror symmetry detection and grouping: An fMRI-guided TMS study

Cortex ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Bona ◽  
Andrew Herbert ◽  
Carlo Toneatto ◽  
Juha Silvanto ◽  
Zaira Cattaneo
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Symmetry Detection ◽  
Lateral Occipital Complex

Cross-modal Processing in the Occipito-temporal Cortex: A TMS Study of the Müller-Lyer Illusion

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1987-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Mancini ◽  
Nadia Bolognini ◽  
Emanuela Bricolo ◽  
Giuseppe Vallar
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Lateral Occipital Complex ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Superior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
The Right ◽  
Underlying Processes

The Müller-Lyer illusion occurs both in vision and in touch, and transfers cross-modally from vision to haptics [Mancini, F., Bricolo, E., & Vallar, G. Multisensory integration in the Müller-Lyer illusion: From vision to haptics. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 818–830, 2010]. Recent evidence suggests that the neural underpinnings of the Müller-Lyer illusion in the visual modality involve the bilateral lateral occipital complex (LOC) and right superior parietal cortex (SPC). Conversely, the neural correlates of the haptic and cross-modal illusions have never been investigated previously. Here we used repetitive TMS (rTMS) to address the causal role of the regions activated by the visual illusion in the generation of the visual, haptic, and cross-modal visuo-haptic illusory effects, investigating putative modality-specific versus cross-modal underlying processes. rTMS was administered to the right and the left hemisphere, over occipito-temporal cortex or SPC. rTMS over left and right occipito-temporal cortex impaired both unisensory (visual, haptic) and cross-modal processing of the illusion in a similar fashion. Conversely, rTMS interference over left and right SPC did not affect the illusion in any modality. These results demonstrate the causal involvement of bilateral occipito-temporal cortex in the representation of the visual, haptic, and cross-modal Müller-Lyer illusion, in favor of the hypothesis of shared underlying processes. This indicates that occipito-temporal cortex plays a cross-modal role in perception both of illusory and nonillusory shapes.

scholarly journals Tracking the completion of parts into whole objects: Retinotopic activation in response to illusory figures in the lateral occipital complex

NeuroImage ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 116426
Author(s):  
Siyi Chen ◽  
Ralph Weidner ◽  
Hang Zeng ◽  
Gereon R. Fink ◽  
Hermann J. Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Occipital Complex
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